رابطه سبک زندگی با افسردگی سالمندان: نقش میانجی احساس تنهایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

مسئله ارتقای سلامت و سبک زندگی سالم یکی از مهم‌ترین مسائل در روان‌شناسی است که علاقه روزافزون پژوهشگران به این موضوع و اهمیت سبک زندگی سالم در گروه‌های سنی مختلف را نشان می‌دهد. بنابراین این مطالعه باهدف بررسی رابطه بین سبک زندگی سالم و افسردگی با نقش میانجیگری احساس تنهایی در سالمندان بود. این مطالعه همبستگی از نوع مدلیابی معادلات ساختاری بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش سالمندان مرد و زن ساکن مراکز نگهداری و مراقبت سالمندان شهر بجنورد در سال 1401 بود، که از میان آنها تعداد 200 سالمند به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها به‌ وسیله پرسشنامه‌های افسردگی بک، سنجش سبک زندگی سالم در سالمندان ایرانی و احساس تنهایی اجتماعی و عاطفی بزرگسالان جمع‌آوری شد. داده‎‌ها با استفاده از مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری در نرم‌افزارهایSPSS-25 و 8-8  Lisrel تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد که سبک زندگی سالم با افسردگی رابطه منفی معنادار در سالمندان دارد و همچنین سبک زندگی سالم با احساس تنهایی رابطه منفی معنادار دارد و احساس تنهایی با افسردگی رابطه مثبت معنادار دارد. همچنین شاخص های برازش مدل نیز مسیر سبک زندگی و افسردگی با میانجیگری احساس تنهایی را تایید کرد. از دیدگاه کاربردی می‌توان اظهار داشت آموزش سبک زندگی سالم به سالمندان از جمله ورزش، تغذیه مناسب و ارتباط اجتماعی نزدیک مانع از احساس تنهایی و افسردگی می‌شود. ضروری است تا پژوهشگران پژوهش‌های بیشتری در مورد سبک زندگی سالم در سالمندان انجام دهند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Relationship Between Lifestyle and Depression in the Elderly: The Mediating Role of Loneliness

نویسندگان [English]

  • Niloufar Mikaeili
  • Ali Beheshti Motlagh
Dept. of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

The issue of the promotion of health and a healthy lifestyle seems to be one of the most important ones in psychology, which shows the ever-increasing interest of researchers in this issue and the importance of a healthy lifestyle in different age groups. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between lifestyle and depression with the mediating role of loneliness in the elderly. This was a correlational study of structural equations modeling (SEM) type. The statistical papulation included of elderly men and women living in the nursing and care centers for the elderly in Bojnord, Iran in 2022, among whom 200 elderly people were selected using convenience sampling method. The data were collected by Beck’s depression, healthy lifestyle in Iranian elderly people and social and adults’ emotional loneliness of questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SEM in SPSS-25 and Lisrel-8.8 software. The results revealed that the healthy lifestyle has a negative significant relationship with depression, and also the healthy lifestyle has a negative significant relationship with depression. Depression and loneliness had also a significant positive relationship (P<0.01). Besides, the fit indices of the model confirmed the path of healthy lifestyle and depression with the mediating role of loneliness. From a practical point of view, it can be said that teaching a healthy lifestyle to the elderly, including exercise, proper nutrition and close social contact, prevents loneliness and depression. It is necessary for researchers to conduct more research on healthy lifestyle in the elderly.
References
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Ammar, A., Bouaziz, B., Trabelsi, K., Glenn, J., Zmijewski, P., Müller, P., Chtrouou, H., Jmaeil, M., Driss, T., & Hökelmann, A. (2021). Applying digital technology to promote active and healthy confinement lifestyle during pandemics in the elderly. Biology of Sport, 38(3), 391-396. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2021.100149
Bhandari, P., & Paswan, B. (2021). Lifestyle behaviours and mental health outcomes of elderly: Modification of socio-economic and physical health effects. Ageing International, 46, 35-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijge.2015.04.004
Binnewies, J., Nawijn, L., van Tol, M. J., van der Wee, N. J., Veltman, D. J., & Penninx, B. W. (2021). Associations between depression, lifestyle and brain structure: A Longitudinal MRI study. Neuroimage, 231, 117834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117834
Chen, X., Liu, Z., Yang, Y., Chen, G., Wan, Q., Qin, G., ... & Ning, G. (2022). depression status, lifestyle, and metabolic factors with subsequent risk for major cardiovascular events: The China cardiometabolic disease and cancer cohort (4C) Study. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 9, 865063.‏ https://doi.org/10.3389 
Domènech-Abella, J., Mundó, J., Haro, J. M., & Rubio-Valera, M. (2019). Anxiety, depression, loneliness and social network in the elderly: Longitudinal associations from The Irish longitudinal study on ageing (TILDA). Journal of Affective Disorders, 246, 82–88. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.043
onoso, F., Cryan, J. F., Olavarría‐Ramírez, L., Nolan, Y. M., & Clarke, G. (2023). Lnflammation, lifestyle factors, and the microbiome‐gut‐brain axis: Relevance to depression and antidepressant action. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 113(2), 246-259. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.2581
Hershey, M. S., Sanchez-Villegas, A., Sotos-Prieto, M., Fernandez-Montero, A., Pano, O., Lahortiga-Ramos, F., & Ruiz-Canela, M. (2022). The Mediterranean lifestyle and the risk of depression in middle-aged adults. The Journal of Nutrition, 152(1), 227-234.
Isik, K., Başoğul, C., & Yildirim, H. (2021). The relationship between perceived loneliness and depression in the Elderly and influencing factors. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care,57(1) http://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12572 
Kahlon, M. K., Aksan, N., Aubrey, R., Clark, N., Cowley-Morillo, M., Jacobs, E. A., ... & Tomlinson, S. (2021). Effect of layperson-delivered, empathy-focused program of telephone calls on loneliness, depression, and anxiety among adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(6), 616-622.‏ http://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0113
Kang, M., Joo, M., Hong, H., & Kang, H. (2021). The Relationship of lifestyle risk factors and depression in Korean adults: A Moderating effect of overall nutritional adequacy. Nutrients, 13(8), 2626. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082626
Kim, A. S., Jang, M. H., Park, K. H., & Min, J. Y. (2020). Effects of self-efficacy, depression, and anger on health-promoting behaviors of Korean elderly women with hypertension. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 6296. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176296
Kraav, S. L., Awoyemi, O., Junttila, N., Vornanen, R., Kauhanen, J., Toikko, T., Soili, M., Lehto, S., & Tolmunen, T. (2021). The Effects of loneliness and social isolation on all-cause, injury, cancer, and CVD mortality in a Cohort of middle-aged Finnish men. A Prospective study. Aging & Mental Health, 25(12), 2219-2228. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2020.1830945
Kraav, S. L., Lehto, S. M., Junttila, N., Ruusunen, A., Kauhanen, J., Hantunen, S., & Tolmunen, T. (2021). Depression and loneliness may have a Direct connection without mediating factors. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 75(7), 553-557. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2021.1894231
Lee, S. H., Lee, H., & Yu, S. (2022). Effectiveness of Social Support for Community-Dwelling Elderly with Depression: A Systematic review and meta-analysis. In Healthcare, 10(9), 1598. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091598
Loehlin, J. C. (2004). Latent variable models: An Introduction to factor, path, and structural equation analysis. London, England: Psychology Press.
Lotfaliany, M., Hoare, E., Jacka, F. N., Kowal, P., Berk, M., & Mohebbi, M. (2019). Variation in the prevalence of depression and patterns of association, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors in community-dwelling older adults in six low-and middle-income countries. Journal of Affective Disorders, 251, 218-226.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.054
Mintzer, J., Donovan, K. A., Kindy, A. Z., Lock, S. L., Chura, L. R., & Barracca, N. (2019). Lifestyle Choices and Brain Health. Frontiers in Medicine, 6. http://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2019.00204 
Mohammadi Mehr, M., Zamani-Alavijeh, F., Hasanzadeh, A., & Fasihi, T. (2019). Effect of healthy lifestyle educational programs on happiness and life satisfaction in the elderly: A Randomized controlled trial study. Iranian Journal of Ageing, 13(4), 440-451.http://doi.org/ 10.32598/SIJA.13.4.440  ‏[Persian]
Park, K. H., Yoo, E. Y., Kim, J., Hong, I., Lee, J. S., & Park, J. H. (2021). Applying Latent Profile Analysis to identify lifestyle profiles and their association with loneliness and quality of life among community-dwelling middle-and older-aged adults in South Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(23), 12374. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312374
Sadeghi, A., Jafari, H., Rouhani, H., Eidy, F., Zhiani Fard, A., Davoodi, N. (2020). Relationship betweennutritional status andlate-life depression inEsfarayne, Iran. ElderlyHealth Journal;6(1), 24-30. https://doi.org/10.18502/ehj.v6i1.3412  [Persian]
Shirmohammadi Fard, S., Sanagoo, A., Behnampour, N., Roshandel, G., & Jouybari, L. (2020). Health promotion lifestyle in elderly in Gorgan, Northern Iran (2019). Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, 22(3), 121-128. http://goums.ac.ir/journal/article-1-3674-en.html [Persian]‏
Sivakumar, P. T., Mukku, S., Tiwari, S. C., Varghese, M., Gupta, S., & Rathi, L. (2022). Interface of Law and Psychiatric Problems in the Elderly. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 64(Suppl 1), S163–S175. http://doi.org/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_47_21
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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Lifestyle
  • depression
  • loneliness
  • elderly
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دلشادنوقابی،ع.، نورمحمدی، ز.، حمیدی،م و خلیلی، ف. (1401). ارتباط احساس تنهایی و سبک زندگی سالم در سالمندان شهرستان گناباد در سال 1396. دانشور پزشکی، 30(1)، 45-36.
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References
Abd-Alrazaq, A., Alajlani, M., Alhuwail, D., Toro, C. T., Giannicchi, A., Ahmed, A., khlouf, A., Househ., M & Househ, M. (2022). The Effectiveness and safety of serious games for improving cognitive
Abdoli, N., Salari, N., Darvishi, N., Jafarpour, S., Solaymani, M., Mohammadi, M., & Shohaimi, S. (2022). The Global prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) among the elderly: A Systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 132, 1067-1073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.041 [Persian]
abilities among elderly people with cognitive impairment: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of medical internet reserch serious games, 10(1), e34592. http://doi.org/10.2196/34592 
Ammar, A., Bouaziz, B., Trabelsi, K., Glenn, J., Zmijewski, P., Müller, P., Chtrouou, H., Jmaeil, M., Driss, T., & Hökelmann, A. (2021). Applying digital technology to promote active and healthy confinement lifestyle during pandemics in the elderly. Biology of Sport, 38(3), 391-396. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2021.100149
Bhandari, P., & Paswan, B. (2021). Lifestyle behaviours and mental health outcomes of elderly: Modification of socio-economic and physical health effects. Ageing International, 46, 35-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijge.2015.04.004
Binnewies, J., Nawijn, L., van Tol, M. J., van der Wee, N. J., Veltman, D. J., & Penninx, B. W. (2021). Associations between depression, lifestyle and brain structure: A Longitudinal MRI study. Neuroimage, 231, 117834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117834
Chen, X., Liu, Z., Yang, Y., Chen, G., Wan, Q., Qin, G., ... & Ning, G. (2022). depression status, lifestyle, and metabolic factors with subsequent risk for major cardiovascular events: The China cardiometabolic disease and cancer cohort (4C) Study. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 9, 865063.‏ https://doi.org/10.3389 
Domènech-Abella, J., Mundó, J., Haro, J. M., & Rubio-Valera, M. (2019). Anxiety, depression, loneliness and social network in the elderly: Longitudinal associations from The Irish longitudinal study on ageing (TILDA). Journal of Affective Disorders, 246, 82–88. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.043
onoso, F., Cryan, J. F., Olavarría‐Ramírez, L., Nolan, Y. M., & Clarke, G. (2023). Lnflammation, lifestyle factors, and the microbiome‐gut‐brain axis: Relevance to depression and antidepressant action. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 113(2), 246-259. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.2581
Hershey, M. S., Sanchez-Villegas, A., Sotos-Prieto, M., Fernandez-Montero, A., Pano, O., Lahortiga-Ramos, F., & Ruiz-Canela, M. (2022). The Mediterranean lifestyle and the risk of depression in middle-aged adults. The Journal of Nutrition, 152(1), 227-234.
Isik, K., Başoğul, C., & Yildirim, H. (2021). The relationship between perceived loneliness and depression in the Elderly and influencing factors. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care,57(1) http://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12572 
Kahlon, M. K., Aksan, N., Aubrey, R., Clark, N., Cowley-Morillo, M., Jacobs, E. A., ... & Tomlinson, S. (2021). Effect of layperson-delivered, empathy-focused program of telephone calls on loneliness, depression, and anxiety among adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(6), 616-622.‏ http://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0113
Kang, M., Joo, M., Hong, H., & Kang, H. (2021). The Relationship of lifestyle risk factors and depression in Korean adults: A Moderating effect of overall nutritional adequacy. Nutrients, 13(8), 2626. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082626
Kim, A. S., Jang, M. H., Park, K. H., & Min, J. Y. (2020). Effects of self-efficacy, depression, and anger on health-promoting behaviors of Korean elderly women with hypertension. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 6296. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176296
Kraav, S. L., Awoyemi, O., Junttila, N., Vornanen, R., Kauhanen, J., Toikko, T., Soili, M., Lehto, S., & Tolmunen, T. (2021). The Effects of loneliness and social isolation on all-cause, injury, cancer, and CVD mortality in a Cohort of middle-aged Finnish men. A Prospective study. Aging & Mental Health, 25(12), 2219-2228. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2020.1830945
Kraav, S. L., Lehto, S. M., Junttila, N., Ruusunen, A., Kauhanen, J., Hantunen, S., & Tolmunen, T. (2021). Depression and loneliness may have a Direct connection without mediating factors. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 75(7), 553-557. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2021.1894231
Lee, S. H., Lee, H., & Yu, S. (2022). Effectiveness of Social Support for Community-Dwelling Elderly with Depression: A Systematic review and meta-analysis. In Healthcare, 10(9), 1598. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091598
Loehlin, J. C. (2004). Latent variable models: An Introduction to factor, path, and structural equation analysis. London, England: Psychology Press.
Lotfaliany, M., Hoare, E., Jacka, F. N., Kowal, P., Berk, M., & Mohebbi, M. (2019). Variation in the prevalence of depression and patterns of association, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors in community-dwelling older adults in six low-and middle-income countries. Journal of Affective Disorders, 251, 218-226.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.054
Mintzer, J., Donovan, K. A., Kindy, A. Z., Lock, S. L., Chura, L. R., & Barracca, N. (2019). Lifestyle Choices and Brain Health. Frontiers in Medicine, 6. http://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2019.00204 
Mohammadi Mehr, M., Zamani-Alavijeh, F., Hasanzadeh, A., & Fasihi, T. (2019). Effect of healthy lifestyle educational programs on happiness and life satisfaction in the elderly: A Randomized controlled trial study. Iranian Journal of Ageing, 13(4), 440-451.http://doi.org/ 10.32598/SIJA.13.4.440  ‏[Persian]
Park, K. H., Yoo, E. Y., Kim, J., Hong, I., Lee, J. S., & Park, J. H. (2021). Applying Latent Profile Analysis to identify lifestyle profiles and their association with loneliness and quality of life among community-dwelling middle-and older-aged adults in South Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(23), 12374. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312374
Sadeghi, A., Jafari, H., Rouhani, H., Eidy, F., Zhiani Fard, A., Davoodi, N. (2020). Relationship betweennutritional status andlate-life depression inEsfarayne, Iran. ElderlyHealth Journal;6(1), 24-30. https://doi.org/10.18502/ehj.v6i1.3412  [Persian]
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