رابطه سبک‌های دلبستگی و عواطف مثبت و منفی در سالمندان: نقش میانجی سبک‌های خاطره‌پردازی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه روان‌شناسی. دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

2 گروه روان‌شناسی. دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

3 مرکز تحقیقات قلب و عروق، پژوهشکده سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران

4 گروه روان شناس رشد و بالینی طول عمر، دانشگاه زیگن، زیگن، آلمان

5 گروه روان‌شناسی رشد و بالینی طول عمر، دانشگاه زیگن، زیگن، آلمان

چکیده

شواهد حاکی از آن است که میزان عواطف مثبت در سالمندی کاهش می‌یابد و از این رو، شناخت عوامل مؤثر بر عواطف سالمندان می‌تواند نقش مهمی در تهیه پروتکل‌های درمانی برای این گروه سنی داشته باشد. بنابراین، مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی رابطه سبک‌های دلبستگی با عواطف مثبت و منفی از طریق نقش میانجی سبک‌های خاطره پرازی در سالمندان انجام شد. روش پژوهش حاضر همبستگی از نوع تحلیل معادلات ساختاری بود. جامعه آماری شامل تمامی سالمندان حداقل 60 سال استان همدان بود که از میان آنها به صورت در دسترس 400 (210 مرد و 190 زن) سالمند به عنوان نمونه پژوهشی انتخاب شدند. اعضای نمونه به پرسش‌نامه‌های سبک‌های دلبستگی بزرگسالان کولینز و رید، عواطف مثبت و منفی واتسون و همکاران و سبک خاطره‌پردازی سالمندان امانی و همکاران پاسخ دادند. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل معادلات ساختاری نشان داد که مدل مفروض این مطالعه از برازش مناسبی در نمونه مورد مطالعه برخوردار است. بدین ترتیب که سبک دلبستگی ایمن رابطه مستقیم مثبتی با خاطره‌پردازی مثبت، و رابطه مستقیم منفی با خاطره‌پردازی منفی دارد و سبک دلبستگی اجتنابی و دوسوگرا تنها رابطه مستقیم مثبتی با خاطره‌پردازی منفی دارد. به علاوه، خاطره‌پردازی مثبت به ترتیب رابطه مستقیم مثبت و منفی با عواطف مثبت و منفی داشت و خاطره‌پردازی منفی به ترتیب رابطه مستقیم منفی و مثبتی با عواطف مثبت و منفی داشت. همچنین سبک دلبستگی ایمن، هم از طریق خاطره‌پردازی مثبت و هم منفی، رابطه غیر مستقیمی با عواطف مثبت و منفی نشان داد. سبک‌های دلبستگی اجتنابی و دوسوگرا تنها از طریق خاطره‌پردازی منفی با عواطف مثبت و منفی رابطه غیر مستقیم داشتند. این نتایج بر اهمیت شکل‌گیری الگوهای کارکردی درونی بر اساس نوع خاطره‌پردازی و روایت‌گری بین مراقب و کودک، و اثرات مادامالعمر این الگوها تأکید دارد.  

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Relationship Between Attachment Styles with Positive and Negative Affect in the Elderly: The Mediating Role of Reminiscence Styles

نویسندگان [English]

  • Khodamorad Momeni 1
  • Rozita Amani 2
  • Parisa Janjani 3
  • Mohammadreza Majzoobi 4
  • Kiana Hadian Hamedani 5
1 Dept. of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Dept. of Psychology, Faculty of Economics & Social Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
3 Cardiovascular Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
4 Developmental Psychology and Clinical Psychology of the Lifespan, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
5 Developmental Psychology and Clinical Psychology of the Lifespan, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
چکیده [English]

The current study aims to investigate the relationship between attachment styles with positive and negative affect through the mediating role of reminiscence styles in the elderly. This was a correlational study of structural equations modeling (SEM) type. The statistical population included all the elderly aged at least 60 years living in Hamedan province, Iran, among whom 400 (210 men and 190 women) were selected using convenience sampling method. Participants filled out the Collins’s Adult Attachment Styles, Oxford Happiness, and Amani et al.’s Reminiscence Styles questionnaires. The results of SEM revealed that the hypothetical model of this study has a good fit in the study sample. As such, secure attachment style had a positive direct relationship with positive reminiscence (PR), and a negative direct relationship with negative reminiscence (NR). Avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles had only a positive direct relationship with NR. In addition, PR had a positive and negative direct relationship with positive and negative affect, respectively, and NR had a negative and positive direct relationship with positive and negative emotions, respectively. Secure attachment style also indicated an indirect relationship with positive and negative affect through both positive and NR. However, avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles were indirectly related to positive and negative affect only through NR. The findings emphasize the significance of the development of internal working models based on the kind of parent-child’s reminiscences and narratives, and the lifelong effects of these models.
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Amani, R., Majzoobi, M. R., & Hadian Hamedani, K. (2019). The Construction and validation of the elderly reminiscence questionnaire. Journal of Aging Psychology, 5(4), 333–345. https://doi.org/10.22126/JAP.2020.3297.1272 [persian]
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Bayrami, M., Heshmati, R., Mohammadpour, V., Gholamzadeh, M., Hasanloo, H. O., & Moslemifar, M. (2012). Happiness and willingness to communicate in three attachment styles: A Study on college students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46(2012), 294–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.109
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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Attachment styles
  • positive affect
  • negative affect
  • reminiscence styles
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References
Amani, R. (2016). Mother-infant attachment styles as a predictor of aggression. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, 4(1), 506–512. https://doi.org/10.22038/JMRH.2016.6076
Amani, R., & Majzoobi, M. R. (2011). The predict of identity styles through attachment styles. Scientific Journal of
Clinical Psychology & Personality, 2(5), 13–24. http://cpap.shahed.ac.ir/article_2651.html?lang=en [persian]
Amani, R., Majzoobi, M. R., & Azadi Fard, S. (2017). Mother-Infant attachment style as a predictor of depression among female students. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, 5(1), 834–841. https://doi.org/10.22038/JMRH.2016.7440
Amani, R., Majzoobi, M. R., & Hadian Hamedani, K. (2019). The Construction and validation of the elderly reminiscence questionnaire. Journal of Aging Psychology, 5(4), 333–345. https://doi.org/10.22126/JAP.2020.3297.1272 [persian]
Baumeister, R. F., & Bushman, B. (2013). Social Psychology and Human Nature. Wadsworth.
Baumel, A., & Berant, E. (2015). The Role of attachment styles in malicious envy. Journal of Research in Personality, 55, 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2014.11.001
Bayrami, M., Heshmati, R., Mohammadpour, V., Gholamzadeh, M., Hasanloo, H. O., & Moslemifar, M. (2012). Happiness and willingness to communicate in three attachment styles: A Study on college students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46(2012), 294–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.109
Bohlmeijer, E. T., Westerhof, G. J., & Emmerik-de Jong, M. (2008). The Effects of integrative reminiscence on meaning in life: Results of a quasi-experimental study. Aging and Mental Health, 12(5), 639–646. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860802343209
Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: vol. 2, Separation. Basic books.
Bowlby, J. (1988). A Secure base: Parent-Child attachment and healthy human development. Basic Books.
Bryant, F. B., Smart, C. M., & King, S. P. (2005). Using the past to enhance the present: Boosting happiness through positive reminiscence. Journal of Happiness Studies, 6(3), 227–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-005-3889-4
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