مدل علی اضطراب ویروس کرونا در سالمندان براساس تنیدگی ادراک شده و حس انسجام: نقش میانجی حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

شیوع ویروس کرونا یک چالش برای سیستم‌های مراقبت بهداشتی در سراسر جهان است. سالمندان به دلیل عملکرد پایین سیستم ایمنی بدن و دارا بودن بیماری‌های زمینه‌ای، در معرض خطر بالای عوارض ناشی از ویروس کرونا قرار دارند. بنابراین، پژوهش حاضر با هدف تدوین مدل علی اضطراب ویروس کرونا در سالمندان براساس تنیدگی ادراک شده و حس انسجام با نقش میانجی حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده انجام شد. روش پژوهش توصیفی و از نوع معادلات ساختاری بود. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه سالمندان مقیم سراهای سالمندان شهرستان اردبیل در سال 1399بود که از بین آنها 160 نفر به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شد. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از مقیاس اضطراب کرونا علی‌پور و همکاران، پرسش‌نامه حس انسجام فرم 13 گویه‌ای آنتونووسکی، مقیاس تنیدگی ادراک شده کوهن و همکاران و مقیاس چندبعدی حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده زیمت و همکاران استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از مدل‌یابی معادلات ساختاری و از طریق نرم‌افزارهای SPSS نسخه 23 و Lisrel نسخه 8/8 انجام شد. براساس نتایج بدست آمده مدل علّی رابطه بین تنیدگی ادراک شده، حس انسجام، حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده و اضطراب کرونا در سالمندان براساس شاخص‎‌های مختلف برازش تأیید شد (05/0>P). تنیدگی ادراک شده، حس انسجام و حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده بر اضطراب کرونا سالمندان اثر مستقیم دارند؛ همچنین تنیدگی ادراک شده و حس انسجام از طریق حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده بر اضطراب کرونا در سالمندان تأثیر غیرمستقیم دارند (05/0>P). بنابراین، در شرایط همه‌گیری کووید-19 می‌توان با آگاه سازی و به کارگیری تدابیری جهت توانمندسازی سالمندان در زمینۀ تنیدگی ادراک شده، حس انسجام، حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده نقش بسزایی در کاهش اضطراب کرونا در سالمندان ایفا کرد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Causal Model of Coronavirus Anxiety in the Elderly Based on Perceived Stress and Sense of Cohesion: The Mediating Role of Perceived Social Support

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Narimani
  • Sanaz Eyni
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili , Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

The spread of the Coronavirus is a challenge for healthcare systems all around the world. The elderly are at high risk for complications from Coronavirus due to low immune system function and underlying diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the causal modeling of Corona anxiety in the elderly based on perceived stress and sense of cohesion with the mediating role of perceived social support. The research method was descriptive, of structural equations type. The statistical population included all the elderly living in nursing homes in Ardabil in 2020, from which 160 were selected using purposive sampling. Used to collect data were Alipour et al.'s Corona Anxiety Scale, Sense of Coherence- 13 scale of Antonovsky, Calhoun et al.'s Perceived Stress Scale, and Zimet et al.'s Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling using SPSS-23 and Lisrel 8.8 software. Based on the obtained results, the causal model confirmed the relationship between perceived stress, sense of cohesion, perceived social support and corona anxiety in the elderly based on different fitness indices (P<0.05). Perceived stress, sense of cohesion, and perceived social support had a direct effect on corona anxiety in the elderly. Besides, perceived stress and sense of cohesion had an indirect effect on corona anxiety in the elderly through perceived social support (P<0.05). Thus, in the context of the Covid-19 epidemic, it is possible to play an important role in reducing coronary anxiety in the elderly by informing and applying measures to empower the elderly in the areas of perceived stress, sense of cohesion, and perceived social support.
 

References
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Barni, D., Danioni, F., Canzi, E., Ferrari, L., Ranierr, S., Lanz, M., Iafrate, R., Regalia, C., & Rosnati, R. (2020). Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic: The role of sense of coherence. Frontiers in Psychology11, 578440.
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Calhoun, L.G., Cann, A., Tedeschi, R.G., & McMillan, J.A. (2000). A correlational test of the relationship between posttraumatic growth, religion and cognitive processing. Journal of Traumatic Stress13(3), 521-527.

Chadwick, K.A., & Collins, P.A (2015). Examining the relationship between social support availability, urban center size, and self-perceived mental health of recent immigrants to Canada: A mixed-methods analysis. Social Science & Medicine128, 220-230.
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Duan, L., & Zhu, G. (2020). Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. Lancet Psychiatry7(4), 300-302.
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Flesia, L., Monaro, M., Mazza, C., Fietta, V., Colicino, E., Segatto, B., & Roma, P. (2020). Predicting perceived stress related to the Covid-19 outbreak through Stable psychological traits and machine learning models. Journal of Clinical Medicine9(10), 3350.
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Henry, A., Tourbah, A., Camus, G., Deschamps, R., Mailhan, L., Castex, C., Gout, O., & Montreuil, M. (2019). Anxiety and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis: The mediating effects of perceived social support. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders27, 46–51.
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Hutchinson, A.M.K., Suart, A. D., & Pretorius, H.G. (2011). The relationships between temperament, character strengths, and resilience. In The Human Pursuit of Well-Being: A Cultural Approach; Brdar, I., Ed., Springer: Dordrecht.
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Kaniasty, K. (2012). Predicting social psychological well-being following trauma: The role of post disaster social support. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy4(1), 22–33.
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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Elderly
  • coronavirus anxiety
  • perceived stress
  • sense of cohesion
  • perceived social support
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References
Aldwin, C. M., Molitor, N. T., Avron, S., Levenson, M. R., Molitor, J., & Igarashi, H. (2011). Do stress trajectories predict mortality in older men? Longitudinal findings from the VA normative aging study. Journal of Aging Research, 896109.
Alipour, A., Ghadami, A., Alipour, Z., & Abdollahzadeh, H. (2020). Preliminary validation of the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) in the Iranian sample. Health Psychology, 8(32), 163-175. [Persian]
Alizadeh Fard, S., & Saffarinia, M. (2020). The prediction of mental health based on the anxiety and the social cohesion that caused by Coronavirus. Quarterly Social Psychology Research, 9(36), 129-141. [Persian]
Antonovsky, A. (1993). The structure and properties of the sense of coherence scale. Social Science & Medicine, 36(6), 725-733.
Antonovsky, A. (2014). Intergenerational networks and transmitting the sense of coherence. Life-span Developmental Psychology Intergenerational Relations, 211.
Bahramnia, M., Ramak, N., & Sangani, A. (2020). The role of perceived mental stress in the health of suspected cases of COVID-19. Journal of Military Medicine, 22(2), 115-121. [Persian]
Banjongrewadee, M., Wongpakaran, N., Wongpakaran, T., Pipanmekaporn, T., Punjasawadwong, Y., & Mueankwan, S. (2020). The role of perceived stress and cognitive function on the relationship between neuroticism and depression among the elderly: a structural equation model approach. BMC Psychiatry20(1), 1-8.
Barni, D., Danioni, F., Canzi, E., Ferrari, L., Ranierr, S., Lanz, M., Iafrate, R., Regalia, C., & Rosnati, R. (2020). Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic: The role of sense of coherence. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 578440.
Behroozi, N., Shahani Yeylaq, M., & Purseyed, S. M. (2013). Relationship between perfectionism, perceived stress and social support with academic burnout. Rahborde Farhang, 5(20), 83-102. [Persian]
Calhoun, L.G., Cann, A., Tedeschi, R.G., & McMillan, J.A. (2000). A correlational test of the relationship between posttraumatic growth, religion and cognitive processing. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13(3), 521-527.
Chadwick, K.A., & Collins, P.A (2015). Examining the relationship between social support availability, urban center size, and self-perceived mental health of recent immigrants to Canada: A mixed-methods analysis. Social Science & Medicine, 128, 220-230.
Chen, Y., Liang, Y., Zhang, W., Crawford, J. C., Sakel, K.L., & Dong, X. (2019). Perceived stress and cognitive decline in Chinese-American older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 67(S3), S519-S524.
Chittem, M., Lindström, B., Byrapaneni, R., & Espnes, G. A. (2015). Sense of coherence and chronic illnesses: Scope for research in India. Journal of Social Health and Diabetes, 3(2), 79.
Del-Pino-Casado, R., Espinosa-Medina. A., López-Martínez, C., & Orgeta. V. (2019). Sense of coherence, burden and mental health in caregiving: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 242, 14–21.
Duan, L., & Zhu, G. (2020). Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), 300-302.
Feldt, T (2014). Development of sense of coherence in adulthood. European Health Psychologist, 16(S), 389.
Flesia, L., Monaro, M., Mazza, C., Fietta, V., Colicino, E., Segatto, B., & Roma, P. (2020). Predicting perceived stress related to the Covid-19 outbreak through Stable psychological traits and machine learning models. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(10), 3350.
Grevenstein, D., & Bluemke, M. (2015). Can the Big Five explain the criterion validity of sense of coherence for mental health, life satisfaction, and personal distress? Personality and Individual Differences, 77, 106–111.
Hashemi, Z., & Eyni, S. (2020). Perceived Stress in the Elderly: The role of spiritual Intelligence, self-compassion, and psychological hardiness. Aging Psychology, 5(4), 289-299. [Persian]
Henry, A., Tourbah, A., Camus, G., Deschamps, R., Mailhan, L., Castex, C., Gout, O., & Montreuil, M. (2019). Anxiety and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis: The mediating effects of perceived social support. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 27, 46–51.
Huang, J., Wang, X., Li, W., & An, Y. (2019). The relationship between conscientiousness and posttraumatic stress disorder among young Chinese firefighters: The mediating effect of perceived social support. Psychiatry Research, 273, 450-455.
Huremovi´c, D. (2019). Psychiatry of Pandemics: A Mental Health Response to Infection Outbreak; Huremovi´c, D., Ed.; Springer International Publishing.
Hutchinson, A.M.K., Suart, A. D., & Pretorius, H.G. (2011). The relationships between temperament, character strengths, and resilience. In The Human Pursuit of Well-Being: A Cultural Approach; Brdar, I., Ed., Springer: Dordrecht.
Jones-Bitton, A., Best, C., MacTavish, J., Fleming, S., & Hoy, S. (2020). Stress, anxiety, depression, and resilience in Canadian farmers. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 55, 229-236.
Kaniasty, K. (2012). Predicting social psychological well-being following trauma: The role of post disaster social support. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 4(1), 22–33.
Khoshnami, M. S., Javadi, S. M. H., Noruzi, S., & Arian, M. (2020). The Elderly as the symbol of a generation’s experience through Covid-19 pandemic. Elderly Health Journal, 6(1), 1-2.
Krantz, G., & Ostergren, P.O. (2004). Does it make sense in a coherent way? Determinants of sense of coherence in Swedish women 40 to 50 years of age. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 11(1), 18-26.
Li, X., Wu, H., Meng, F., Li, L., Wang, Y., & Zhou, M. (2020). Relations of COVID-19-related stressors and social support with Chinese college students' psychological response during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 551315.
Lindblad, C., Sandelin, K., Petersson, L. M., Rohani, C., & Langius-EKlӧf, A. (2016). Stability of item sense of coherence (SOC) scale: a longitudinal prospective study in women for breast cancer. Quality of Life Research, 25(3), 753-760.
Liu, K., Zhang, W., Yang, Y., Zhang, J., Li, Y., & Chen, Y. (2020). Respiratory rehabilitation in elderly patients with COVID-19: A randomized controlled study. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 39, 101166. 
Mahammadzadeh, A., Poursharifi, H., & Alipour, A. (2010). Validation of Sense of Coherence (SOC) 13-item scale in Iranian sample. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 1451–1455.
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