علائم جسمانی، مشکلات خواب و تاب‌آوری در سالمندان با و بدون تجربه مرگ همسر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه مالیر، ایران

چکیده

مرگ همسر از جمله عوامل فشارزا در دوره سالمندی است که مشکلات جسمانی و روان­شناختی زیادی را به همراه دارد. بنابراین هدف پژوهش حاضر مقایسه علائم جسمانی،مشکلات خواب و تاب­آوری سالمندان با و بدون تجربه­ مرگ همسر بود. روش پژوهش حاضر علّی-مقایسه­ای بود. جامعه آماری را کل سالمندان با و بدون تجربه مرگ همسر در شهرستان ملایر تشکیل دادند. در این پژوهش 66 سالمند دارای تجربه مرگ همسر با روش نمونه­گیری گلوله­­ برفی در پژوهش شرکت نمودند؛ همچنین 66 سالمند بدون تجربه­ مرگ همسر از نظر سن و جنس با سالمندان دارای تجربه مرگ همسر همتا شدند. برای گردآوری داده­ها از پرسشنامه­­های علائم جسمانی هاگیوارا، مشکلات خواب کوبوتا و همکاران و فرم کوتا­ه تاب­آوری کانر-دیویدسون استفاده شد. داده­ها با تحلیل­ واریانس چندمتغیری دوراهه تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین علائم جسمانی و مشکلات خواب در سالمندان دارای تجربه­ مرگ همسر و تاب­آوری در سالمندان بدون تجربه­ مرگ همسر بیشتر است. تأثیر جنسیت معنی­دار نبود، اما تأثیر تعاملی مرگ همسر و جنسیت در مشکلات خواب معنی­دار بود. به این معنی که میانگین علائم جسمانی و مشکلات خواب در مردان با تجربه­ مرگ همسر بیشتر از زنان و مشکلات خواب زنان بدون تجربه­ مرگ همسر بیشتر از مردان بود؛ میانگین علائم جسمانی در مردان دارای تجربه­ مرگ همسر بیشتر از زنان بود. براساس یافته­ها، استفاده از راهکارها و درمان­های روان­شناختی برای کاهش مشکلات جسمانی و روان­شناختی سالمندان دارای تجربه­ مرگ همسر پیشنهاد می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Physical symptoms, sleep problems and resilience in the elderly with and without the experience of spouse death

نویسنده [English]

  • Saeed Ariapooran
Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Malir, Iran
چکیده [English]

Spousal death is one of the stressors of the elderly period that is accompanied by many physical and psychological problems. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to compare the physical symptoms, sleep problems and resilience in elderlies with and without spousal death experience. The research method of the current study was causal-comparison. 66 elderlies with spousal death experience in Malayer city participated in research by snowball sampling method. also, 66 elderlies without spousal death experience matched by elderlies with spousal death experience in age and gender. Hagiwara Physical Symptoms Scale, Kubota et al Sleep Problems Inventory of and Brief Connor-Davidson resilience scale Scale of Resilience of were used for collecting the data. Data were analyzed by Two-Way Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA). Results indicated that the mean of physical symptoms and sleep problems in elderlies with spousal death experience ware higher than elderlies without spousal death experience and resilience in elderlies without spousal death experience was higher than elderlies with spousal death experience. The effect of gender wasn’t significant. But, the interaction effect of spousal death and gender on sleep problems was significant. This means that the mean of physical symptoms & sleep problems in men elderlies with spousal death experience was higher than women and sleep problems in women without spousal death experience were higher than men. According to results, using the psychological strategies and therapies for decreasing the physical and psychological problems were suggested for elderlies with spousal death experience.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • elderly
  • physical symptoms
  • resilience
  • sleep problems
  • spousal death
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