اثربخشی تمرینات ثبات خیرگی بر تعادل و کارکردهای اجرایی سالمندان دچار اختلال شناختی خفیف

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه رفتارحرکتی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

سالمندی شناختی با اختلال در کارکردها اجرایی سطوح بالاتر همراه است زیرا می‌تواند توانایی های لازم برای انجام این کارکردها را مختل کند. یکی از اختلالات شناختی رایج در میان سالمندان، اختلال شناختی خفیف است که با سطح زوال شناختی بالاتر از حد طبیعی مشخص می‌شود. بنابراین هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی اثربخشی تمرینات ثبات خیرگی بر تعادل و کارکردهای اجرایی سالمندان دچار اختلال ‏شناختی خفیف بود. پژوهش حاضر نیمه تجربی با طرح پیش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری این پژوهش کلیه سالمندان دارای اختلال شناختی خفیف شهرستان ارومیه در سال 1399 بودند. نمونه پژوهش شامل 30 نفر سالمند 60 الی 80 سال مبتلا به اختلال شناختی خفیف بود که بر اساس معیارهای ورود به پژوهش و به‌ صورت در دسترس انتخاب و به طور تصادفی در دو گروه 15 نفری آزمایش (میانگین سنی: 552/1±466/78) و کنترل (میانگین سنی: 404/2± 93/76) قرار گرفتند. شرکت‌کنندگان آزمون برخاستن و حرکت کردن زماندار ماتیاس و همکاران و آزمونGo/NoGo ‎ هافمن و آزمون  N-Backکرچنر را برای ارزیابی تعادل و کنترل بازداری رفتاری و حافظه کاری در پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون به طور مشابه هم انجام دادند. گروه آزمایش طی هشت هفته، هفته‌ای سه جلسه و هر جلسه 60 دقیقه به اجرای تمرینات ثبات خیرگی موریموتو و همکاران پرداختند. داده‌ها از طریق آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس یکراهه در نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 24 تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد که با کنترل نمرة پیش‌آزمون، بین نمرات آزمون برخاستن و حرکت کردن زماندار، کنترل بازداری رفتاری و حافظه کاری دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل در پس‌آزمون تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد (001/0p=). بنابراین انجام این تمرینات می‌تواند راهبردی مؤثر برای بهبود تعادل وکارکردهای اجرایی در سالمندان مبتلا به اختلال شناختی خفیف باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effectiveness of Gaze Stability Exercises on Balance and Executive Functions in the Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mir Javad Mojarad Azar Gharabaghi
  • Jalal Dehghanizade
Dept. of Motor Behavior, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

Cognitive ageing is associated with disruption in higher-level executive functions, because it can impair the abilities needed to perform these functions. One of the common cognitive impairments among the elderly is the mild cognitive impairment (MCI), characterized by a higher than normal level of cognitive decline. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the ‎the effectiveness of gaze stability exercises on balance and executive functions in the elderly suffering from MCI. This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest-control group design. The statistical population of this study consisted of all the elderly with MCI living in Urmia in 2020. The sample included 30 elderly aged 60 to 80 years with MCI, who were selected using convenience randomly and based on the inclusion criteria and assigned randomly into two groups of experimental‌ (mean age: ‌78/466±1/552‌ years) and control (mean age:76/93±2.404 years) with 15 memebers in each group. Participants of both groups performed Mathias et al’s Timed Up and Go (TUG), Hoffman’s Go/NoGo test and Kirchner’s N-Back Test for their balance, inhibitory control and working memory to be evaluated in pre-test and post-test. ‎The experimental group performed Morimoto et al.’s gaze stabilization exercises in three 60-minute sessions a week for eight weeks. The data were analyzed using the Analyze of Covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS-24 software. The results indicated that after controlling the pretest scores, there was a statistically significant difference in TUG, behavioral inhibition control and working memory ‌between the control and experimental groups (p=0.001). Therefore, performing these exercises can be an effective strategy to improve balance and executive functioning abilities in the elderly suffering from MCI.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Gaze Stability Exercises
  • Executive Functions
  • Balance
  • Elderly
  • Mild Cognitive Impairment
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