سلامت معنوی و حمایت اجتماعی با کیفیت زندگی در سالمندان روستایی: نقش میانجی تاب آوری و امید

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

امروزه با توجه به رشد روز افزون جمعیت سالمندان در ایران، حفظ و ارتقای سلامت و کیفیت زندگی آنها به عنوان یک گروه جمعیتی آسیب‌پذیر بیش از پیش ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. پژوهش‌های اخیر نشان می‌دهد سلامت معنوی، حمایت اجتماعی، تاب‌آوری و امید ممکن است کیفیت زندگی را در سالمندان ارتقا بخشد، بنابراین پژوهش حاضر با هدف مدلیابی کیفیت زندگی بر مبنای سلامت معنوی و حمایت اجتماعی از طریق نقش میانجی تاب‌آوری و امید در سالمندان بود. جامعه پژوهش شامل سالمندان روستاهای استان قزوین بود از بین آنها 300 نفر به شیوه در دسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزار اندازه‌گیری شامل پرسش‌نامه‌های سلامت معنوی پولوتزین و والیسون، حمایت اجتماعی واکس، امید آشنایدر و همکاران، تاب‌آوری کانر و دیویدسون و کیفیت زندگی سازمان بهداشت جهانی بود. برای تحلیل مدل علّی از تحلیل مسیر استفاده شد. نتایج نشانگر برازش کامل مدل با داده‌ها بود. همچنین نتایج تأثیر مستقیم و معناداری را بین سلامت معنوی (p<0.05،β=0.15 )، حمایت اجتماعی (p<0.05،β=0.21 )، امید (p<0.05، β=0.35)، تاب‌آوری (p<0.05، β=0.25) با کیفیت زندگی نشان دادند. بعلاوه، تحلیل نقش میانجی چندگانه با رویکرد پرچهر و هایز، میانجگری تاب‌آوری و امید را در رابطه بین سلامت معنوی و حمایت اجتماعی با کیفیت زندگی تأیید کرد. این نتایج به دانش نظری در مورد اینکه حمایت اجتماعی و سلامت معنوی چگونه بر کیفیت زندگی در سالمندان تأثیر می‌گذارد کمک می‌کند. یافته‌ها نشان داد حمایت اجتماعی و سلامت معنوی بواسطه امید و تاب‌آوری، توان لازم برای پیش‌بینی کیفیت زندگی در بین سالمندان را دارد. هر چهار متغیر پیش‌بینی قابل ارتقاء هستند و می‌توانند در مداخلات کیفیت زندگی در جمعیت سالمندان روستایی مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Spiritual Health and Social Support with Quality of Life in the Rural Elderly: The Mediating Role of Resilience and Hope

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Yousefi Afrashteh
  • Masoumeh Moradi
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Nowadays, due to the increasing rate of elderly populaion in Iran, it seems necessary to maintain and improve the health and the quality of life (QOL) of them as a vulnerable demographic group. Recent studies have revealed that spiritual health, social support, resilience, and hope may improve QOL in the elderly. Therefore, this study aims to determine the model of QOL based on spiritual health and social support through the mediating role of resilience and hope in the elderly. The study population included all the elderly living in villages of qazvin province, Iran, among whom 300 were selected using convenience sampling method. The measures applied in the current study consisted of Paloutzian and Ellison’s spiritual health, Vaux’s social support, Connor & Davidson’s resilience, Snyder’s hope and the World Health Organization QOL questionnaires. Path analysis was used to analyze the causal model. The results indicated the fit of the model with the data. The results also demonstrated a direct and significant effect between spiritual health (β=0.15, P<0.05), social support (β=0.21, P<0.05), hope (β=0.35, P<0.05) and resilience (β=0.25, P<0.05) with QOL. Moreover, the analysis of the role of multiple mediators using Preacher and Hayes’s approach confirmed the mediating role of resilience and hope in the relationship between spiritual health and social support with QOL. The results contribute to the theoretical knowledge regarding how social support and spiritual health affect QOL in the elderly. The findings showed that social support and spiritual health have the power to predict the QOL through hope and resilience among the elderly. All the four predictive variables can be improved and can be used in QOL-related interventions in the rural elderly.
 
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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Social support
  • rural elderly
  • resilience
  • spiritual health
  • quality of life
  • hope
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