اثربخشی درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر اضطراب مرگ، شادکامی و تاب‌آوری سالمندان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه مشاوره خانواده، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

سالمندی یکی از مراحل مهم زندگی انسان است و در این مرحله افراد با موضوعات گوناگونی مواجه می‌شوند که در بین آنها مواردی مانند اضطراب مرگ، شادکامی و تاب‌آوری از شایع‌ترین موضوعات سلامت روان سالمندان است که با مداخلات مناسب می‌توان آنها را بهبود بخشید. بنابراین، هدف این مطالعه بررسی اثربخشی درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر اضطراب مرگ، شادکامی و تاب‌آوری سالمندان بود. روش پژوهشی از نوع نیمه‌آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر شامل تمامی سالمندان شهر لاهیجان بود که از بین آنها تعداد 30 نفر به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب و به طور تصادفی به دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل تخصیص داده شدند. هر دو گروه پرسش‌نامه‌های اضطراب مرگ، شادکامی، تاب‌آوری را در پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون تکمیل نمودند. گروه آزمایش درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد را در هشت جلسه‌ 60 دقیقه‌ای دریافت کردند، در حالی که گروه کنترل در این زمان هیچ مداخله‌ای دریافت نکردند. داده‌ها با آزمون‌های آماری تحلیل کوواریانس تک متغیره مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که در مرحله پس‌آزمون بین گروه‌های آزمایش و کنترل از نظر اضطراب مرگ، شادکامی و تاب‌آوری تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود داشت. به بیان دیگر درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد موجب کاهش اضطراب مرگ و افزایش شادکامی و تاب‌آوری سالمندان می‌شود. بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه، می‌توان از درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد به عنوان یک روش درمانی تأثیرگذار در بهبود سلامت روانی سالمندان استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Death Anxiety, Happiness and Resilience in the Elderly

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Nasirnia Samakosh
  • Naser Yousefi
Dept of Counseling, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Aging is one of the most important stages of human life, and people at this stage are faced with various issues, among which issues such as death anxiety, happiness and resilience appear to be the most common issues of mental health in the elderly that can be improved using appropriate interventions. Therefore, the current study aims to examine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on death anxiety, happiness and resilience in the elderly. This was a quasi-experimental study with the pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population of the present study included all the elderly living in Lahijan, Iran, among whom 30 people were selected using convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into the experimental and control groups. Both groups completed the Templer’s death anxiety, Oxford happiness, and Conner and Davidson’s resilience questionnaires in pretest and posttest phases. Experimental group underwent eight 60-minute sessions of ACT, while control group received no treatment at this time. Data were analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), the results of which revealed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of death anxiety, happiness and resilience in the posttest phase. Put in other words, ACT resulted in a decrease of death anxiety and an increase of happiness and resilience in the elderly. According to the results of the current study, ACT can be used as an effective treatment method to improve the mental health of the elderly.
References
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Alipour, A., & Nurbala, A. (1999). A Preliminary investigation of the reliability and validity of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire in students of Tehran universities. Thought and Behavior Quarterly, 5(1), 55-64. [Persian]
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Argyle, M., & Crossland, J. (1987). Dimensions of positive emotions. British Journal of Social Psychology, 26, 127-137.
Argyle, M., Martin, M., R., & Crossland, J. (1989). Happiness as a function of personality and social encounters. In J. P. Forgas & R. J. M. Innes (Eds.). Recent Advances in Social Psychology: An International Perspective, 28, 189-203.
Argyle.M. (2001). The Psychology of Happiness. Great Britain: Routledge.
Arch, J., Fishbein, J., Ferris, M., Mitchell, J., Levin, M., Slivjak, E., Andorsky, D., & Kutner, S. (2020). Acceptability, feasibility, and efficacy potential of a Multimodal acceptance and commitment therapy intervention to address psychosocial and advance care planning needs among anxious and depressed adults with metastatic cancer. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 11(5), 540-555.
Attari, B., Munirpour, N., & Zarghami Hajbi, M. (2017). The Relationship of happiness with self-acceptance, gratitude and forgiveness in the elderly: The Mediating role of self-efficacy. Aging Psychology, 4(3), 197-211. [Persian]
Ayn Beygi, A., Soleimanian, A., & Jajarmi, M. (2020). The Comparison of the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and existentialism therapy on increasing psychological capital in the elderly. Aging Psychology, 6(2), 165-178. [Persian]
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Conner, M., & Davidson, T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Conner-davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18, 76-82.
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Francis, L. J., Brow, L. B., Lester, D., & Philipchalk, R. (1998). Happiness as stable extraversion: A Cross-cultural examination of the reliability and validity of the oxford happiness Inventory among students in the U. K., U. S. A., Australian, and Canada. Personality and Individual Differences, 24, 167- 171.
Furnham, A., & Brewin, C. (1990). Personality and happiness. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 761-763.
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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Acceptance and commitment based therapy
  • death anxiety
  • happiness
  • resilience
  • the elderly
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References
Abdolazimi, M., & Niknam, M. (2019). The Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on social support perception and body dissatisfaction in the elderly. Journal of Aging Psychology, 5(1), 13-25. [Persian]
Alipour, A., & Nurbala, A. (1999). A Preliminary investigation of the reliability and validity of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire in students of Tehran universities. Thought and Behavior Quarterly, 5(1), 55-64. [Persian]
Andalib Kourayem, M., & Mahmoodinia, S. (2021). The Quality of life in the elderly: The Role of resiliency and mindfulness. Aging Psychology, 7(2), 167-179. [Persian]
Argyle, M., & Crossland, J. (1987). Dimensions of positive emotions. British Journal of Social Psychology, 26, 127-137.
Argyle, M., Martin, M., R., & Crossland, J. (1989). Happiness as a function of personality and social encounters. In J. P. Forgas & R. J. M. Innes (Eds.). Recent Advances in Social Psychology: An International Perspective, 28, 189-203.
Argyle.M. (2001). The Psychology of Happiness. Great Britain: Routledge.
Arch, J., Fishbein, J., Ferris, M., Mitchell, J., Levin, M., Slivjak, E., Andorsky, D., & Kutner, S. (2020). Acceptability, feasibility, and efficacy potential of a Multimodal acceptance and commitment therapy intervention to address psychosocial and advance care planning needs among anxious and depressed adults with metastatic cancer. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 11(5), 540-555.
Attari, B., Munirpour, N., & Zarghami Hajbi, M. (2017). The Relationship of happiness with self-acceptance, gratitude and forgiveness in the elderly: The Mediating role of self-efficacy. Aging Psychology, 4(3), 197-211. [Persian]
Ayn Beygi, A., Soleimanian, A., & Jajarmi, M. (2020). The Comparison of the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and existentialism therapy on increasing psychological capital in the elderly. Aging Psychology, 6(2), 165-178. [Persian]
Bernal-Manrique, K., García-Martín, M., & Ruiz, F. (2020). Effect of acceptance and commitment therapy in improving interpersonal skills in adolescents: A Randomized waitlist control trial. Journal Contextual Behavaral science, 17(3), 86-94.
Bent, R., & A-Eliver, G. (2019). Acceptance and commitment therapy. London. Tolo Majd Publications, ISBN: 978-622-696026-7.
Conner, M., & Davidson, T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Conner-davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18, 76-82.
Forman, E., Shaw, J., Goetter, E., Herbert, J., Park, J., & Yuen, E. (2012). Long-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial comparing acceptance and commitment therapy and standard cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety and depression. Behavior Therapy, 43(4), 11-809.
Francis, L. J., Brow, L. B., Lester, D., & Philipchalk, R. (1998). Happiness as stable extraversion: A Cross-cultural examination of the reliability and validity of the oxford happiness Inventory among students in the U. K., U. S. A., Australian, and Canada. Personality and Individual Differences, 24, 167- 171.
Furnham, A., & Brewin, C. (1990). Personality and happiness. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 761-763.
Golestanifar, S., & Dasht Bozorgi, Z. (2020). The Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy on depression, psychological health and life expectancy of the elderly with nonclinical depression. Aging Psychology, 6(3), 191- 203. [Persian]
Hatamian, P., Karami, J., & Moradi, A. (2017). The Effect of resilience, self- efficacy, and social support on job satisfaction among the employed, middle-aged and elderly. Iranian Journal of Ageing, 12(3), 300-311. [Persian]
Hayes, S., Strosahl, K., Bunting, K., Twohig, M., & Wilson, G. (2004). What is acceptance and commitment therapy? A Practical guide to acceptance and commitment therapy, 15(4), 3–29.
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