رابطه احساس تنهایی، هوش معنوی و سلامت عمومی با اضطراب مرگ در سالمندان: نقش میانجی ذهن‌آگاهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد الکترونیک تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار گروه روانشناسی و عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه علوم انتظامی امین، تهران، ایران

چکیده

اضطراب مرگ می‌تواند نگرش منفی در مورد پیری را افزایش دهد و حتی منجر به اضطراب و ترس از پیری شود. بنابراین شناخت عوامل روان‌شناختی مؤثر بر اضطراب مرگ در سالمندان بسیار مهم می‌باشد. در همین راستا هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی رابطه احساس تنهایی، هوش معنوی و سلامت عمومی با اضطراب مرگ از طریق نقش میانجی ذهن‌آگاهی در سالمندان بود. روش پژوهش حاضر همبستگی از نوع تحلیل مسیر بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر شامل تمامی سالمندان مقیم جامعه در سه منطقه 3، 8 و 20 شهر تهران در سال 1400 بود که از بین آنها تعداد 250 نفر به‌عنوان گروه نمونه با روش نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش پرسش‌نامه‌های اضطراب مرگ تمپلر، احساس تنهایی راسل، هوش معنوی کینگ، سلامت عمومی گلدبرگ و هیلر و ذهن‌آگاهی بائر و همکاران بود. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که مدل مفروض با داده‌های پژوهش برازش مطلوبی دارد. همچنین نتایج تحلیل مسیر برای بررسی نقش متغیر میانجی‌ نشان داد که ذهن‌آگاهی رابطه بین احساس تنهایی، هوش معنوی و سلامت عمومی با اضطراب مرگ در سالمندان را میانجی گری می‌کند. بر این اساس می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که ارتقاء سطح ذهن‌آگاهی به کاهش اضطراب مرگ در سالمندان کمک می‌کند و لازم است راهکارهایی برای افزایش آن در این جامعه ارائه گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Relationship Between Loneliness, Spiritual Intelligence and General Health with Death Anxiety in the Elderly: The Mediating Role of Mindfulness

نویسندگان [English]

  • Malihe Salmani 1
  • Leila Zoghi 2
1 Dept. of Psychology, Azad University, Tehran Electronic Branch, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor of Psychology and Faculty Member of Amin University of Law Enforcement Sciences. Tehran Iran
چکیده [English]

Death anxiety can increase the negative attitude towards aging and even leads to anxiety and fear of aging. Therefore, it seems very important to know the psychological factors which affect death anxiety in the elderly. In this regard, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between loneliness, spiritual intelligence and general health with death anxiety through the mediating role of mindfulness in the elderly. The research method was correlational, of path analysis type. The statistical population of the present study included all community-dwelling elderly living in three districts of 3, 8 and 20 of Tehran, Iran in 2021, among whom 250 were selected as the sample of the study using convenience sampling method. The research instruments included Templer’s death anxiety, Russell’s loneliness, King's spiritual intelligence, Goldberg & Hillier’s general health and Baer’s mindfulness questionnaires. The results indicated that the hypothesized model has a good fit with the research data. The results of the path analysis to examine the role of the mediator variable also revealed that mindfulness mediates the relationship between loneliness, spiritual intelligence and general health with death anxiety in the elderly. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the increased level of mindfulness results in reduction of death anxiety in the elderly and it is necessary to provide solutions to increase it in the society.
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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Death anxiety
  • loneliness
  • spiritual intelligence
  • general health
  • mindfulness
  • elderly
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References
Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (2005). Death anxiety in clinical and non-clinical groups. Death Studies, 29, 251-259.
Afshari, A., Rezaei, R., Dadras, F. (2019). The effectiveness of structured reminiscence on reducing anxiety and depression in the elderly. Journal of Aging Psychology, 5 (3), 215-201. [Persian]
Aghajani, M.J., Mousavi, S.S., Akbari, B., & Abolghasemi, Sh. (2020). The relationship between attachment to God and psychological hardiness with death anxiety in retired older men. Religion and Health, 8 (1), 19-29. [Persian]
Ahmadvand, Z. (2011). Cheking the validity and reliability of the five-fact mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ) in non-clinical iranian sampels. Master thesis in Clinical Psychology, Shahed University. [Persian]
AzadMarzabadi, A., Moqtadaei, K., & ArianPouran, S. (2013). The effectiveness of mindfulness training on psychological symptoms of veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 7 (1), 74-67. [Persian]
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