مدل علّی پیش‌بینی کیفیت زندگی بر اساس فعالیت روزمره زندگی و سرمایه اجتماعی در سالمندان: نقش میانجی خودمراقبتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه روانشناسی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران

2 گروه توانبخشی شناختی، پژوهشکده مطالعات علوم شناختی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

با توجه به پدیده جهانی سالخوردگی جمعیت، مراقبت از جمعیت سالمند برای حفظ کیفیت زندگی آنها، یک مأموریت مهم برای سیستم بهداشتی جامعه به شمار می‌آید. بنابراین این موضوع دارای اهمیت بسیار است که تجربه داشتن یک زندگی طولانی با یک کیفیت مطلوب همراه باشد. بنابراین پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارائه یک مدل از بررسی نقش واسطه‌ای خودمراقبتی در رابطه بین فعالیت‌های روزمره زندگی و سرمایه اجتماعی با کیفیت زندگی سالمندان انجام شد. جامعه پژوهش شامل سالمندان بالای 60 سال ساکن شهر تهران در سال 1399 بود که از بین آنها 243 نفر با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزار اندازه‌گیری شامل پرسشنامه‌ کیفیت زندگی سازمان بهداشت جهانی- فرم کوتاه، توانایی خودمراقبتی افراد سالمند سودرهام و همکاران، سرمایه اجتماعی اونیکس و بولن و فعالیت‌های روزمره زندگی ماهونی و بارتل بود. برای تحلیل مدل علّی از تحلیل مسیر با استفاده از نسخه 24 نرم‌افزار AMOS استفاده شد. استفاده شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که فعالیت روزمره زندگی (01/0>P، 547/0=β)، سرمایه اجتماعی (01/0>P، 178/0=β) و خودمراقبتی (01/0>P، 420/0=β) می‌توانند کیفیت زندگی را در سالمندان پیش‌بینی کنند. همچنین میانجیگری خودمراقبتی در رابطه بین فعالیت روزمره زندگی، سرمایه اجتماعی با کیفیت زندگی تأیید شد. با توجه به نتایج پژوهش حاضر می‌توان گفت ارتقاء خودمراقبتی از طریق برنامه‌های آموزشی مرتبط با سلامتی، اقدام مؤثری برای افزایش کیفیت زندگی سالمندان است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Causal Model of the Anticipation of Quality of Life Based on Activity of Daily Living and Social Capital in the Elderly: The Mediating Role of Self-Care

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mona Sharifi Fardshad 1
  • Maryam Bahrami Hidaji 1
  • Sheida Sodagar 1
  • Peyman Hassani Abharian 2
  • Saied Malihialzackerini 1
1 Department of psychology, Faculty of psychology, Islamic Azad University of Karaj, Karaj, I. R. Iran
2 Department of Cognitive Rehabilitation, Institude for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, I. R. Iran
چکیده [English]

According to population aging phenomenon all around the world, taking care of the older population is an important mission of the community health system to maintain their quality of life. Thus, it seems important that the experience of a long life is accompanied by desirable quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a quality of life model based on activity of daily living and social capital with the mediating role of self-care in the elderly. The population of the study included all the elderly aged over 60 living in Tehran in 2020, among whom 243 were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the World Health Organization Short-Form Quality of Life (World Health Organization), Self-Care (Soderhamn), Social capital (Onyx and Bullen) and Activity of daily living (Mahoney and Barthel) questionnaires. Path analysis was used to analyze the causal model in AMOS-24. The results demonstrated that activity of daily living (β=0.547, p>0.01), social capital (β=0.178, p>0.01) and selfe-care (β=0.420, p>0.01) can predict quality of life in the elderly. Moreover, the mediating role of self-care in the relationship between activity of daily living and social capital with quality of life in the elderly was confirmed. According to the results of the present study, it can be said that the promotion of self-care through the health-related training programmes, appears to be an effective step in order to improve the quality of life in the elderly.
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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Self-care
  • activity of daily living
  • social capital
  • quality of life
  • elderly
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