معنویت و کیفیت زندگی در سالمندان: نقش میانجی خودشفقت‌ورزی و احساس انسجام

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

با توجه به رشد فزاینده جمعیت سالمندی، مطالعه عوامل مرتبط با سلامت افراد سالمند که مرتبط با کیفیت زندگی آنان است، ضروری می‌نماید. پژوهش‌های اخیر نشان می‌دهد معنویت، خودشفقت‌ورزی و حس انسجام، ممکن است سلامت را در این جمعیت ارتقاء بخشد. بنابراین هدف از این مطالعه مدل‌یابی کیفیت زندگی بر مبنای معنویت از طریق نقش میانجی خودشفقت‌ورزی و احساس انسجام بود. جامعه پژوهش شامل سالمندان شهر زنجان بود که از بین آنها 370 نفر به شیوه در دسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزار اندازه‌گیری شامل پرسشنامه معنویت پارسیان و دونینگ، پرسشنامه فرم کوتاه خودشفقت‌ورزی ریس و همکاران، پرسشنامه حس انسجام آنتونووسکی و پرسشنامه کیفیت زندگی سازمان بهداشت جهانی بود. برای تحلیل مدل علّی از تحلیل مسیر استفاده شد. نتایج نشانگر برازش کامل مدل با داده‌ها بود. همچنین نتایج تأثیر مستقیم و معناداری را بین معنویت (05/0> pو 28/0β=)، خودشفقت‌ورزی (05/0>p و 23/0β=) و حس انسجام (05/0>p و 40/0β=) با کیفیت زندگی نشان داد. همچنین تحلیل نقش میانجی چندگانه با رویکرد پرچهر و هایز، میانجیگری خودشفقت‌ورزی و احساس انسجام را در رابطه بین معنویت و کیفیت زندگی تأیید کرد. این نتایج به دانش نظری در مورد اینکه معنویت چگونه بر کیفیت زندگی در جمعیت سالمند تأثیر می‌گذارد، کمک می‌کند. یافته‌ها نشان داد معنویت بواسطه خودشفقت‌ورزی و حس انسجام، توان لازم برای پیش‌بینی کیفیت زندگی در بین سالمندان را دارد؛ هر سه متغیر پیش‌بین قابل ارتقاء هستند و می‌توانند در مداخلات ارتقای کیفیت زندگی در جمعیت سالمند مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Spirituality and Quality of Life in the Elderly: The Mediating Role of Self-Compassion and Sense of Cohesion

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Yousefi Afrashteh
  • Shamsi Rezaei
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Given the growing population of the elderly, it appears necessary to study the health-related factors of the elderly, which seem to be related to their quality of life (QOF). Recent researches have shown that spirituality, self-compassion, and sense of cohesion may improve health in this population. Therefore, this study aims to determine the model of QOF based on spirituality through mediating role of self-compassion and sense of cohesion in the elderly. The study population included all the elderly living in Zanjan, Iran, among which 370 were selected using convenience sampling method. The measures applied in the current study consisted of Parsian and Dunning’s Spirituality, Raes et al.’s Self-compassion, Antonovsky’s sense of coherence and The World Organization QOF Questionnaires. Path analysis was used to analyze the causal model. The results indicated the fit of the model with the data. The results also showed a direct and significant effect between spirituality (β=0.28, p < 0.05), self-compassion (β=0.23, p < 0.05) and sense of cohesion (β=0.40, p < 0.05) with the QOF. Moreover, the analysis of the role of multiple mediators using Preacher and Hayes’s approach confirmed the mediating role of self-compassion and sense of cohesion in the relationship between spirituality and QOF. These results contribute to the theoretical knowledge regarding how spirituality affects QOF in the elderly. The findings illustrated that spirituality has the power to predict QOF among the elderly through self-compassion and sense of cohesion. All the three above-mentioned predictor variables are thought to be extensible and can be applied in the form of interventions using to improve QOF in the elderly.

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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Self-compassion
  • sense of cohesion
  • spirituality
  • quality of life
  • the elderly
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