پیش‌بینی رضایت از زندگی بر اساس سبک‌های دلبستگی و قدردانی در سالمندان ساکن آسایشگاه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران

چکیده

سالمندی یکی از دوران­های مهم زندگی هر شخص است که اگر با رضایت و کیفیت سپری نشود، می­تواند پیامدهای منفی جسمانی و روانی برای فرد، خانواده و جامعه بر جای بگذارد. با توجه به تغییر ساختار سنی جمعیت ایران از جوانی به سالمندی، متغیرهای پیش­بین­ رضایت از زندگی در این گروه مورد توجه پژوهشگران بسیاری قرار گرفته است. بنابراین هدف مطالعه حاضر پیش‌بینی رضایت از زندگی بر اساس ابعاد دلبستگی و قدردانی در سالمندان بود. پژوهش حاضر مطالعه‌ای توصیفی از نوع همبستگی بود. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه سالمندان مقیم آسایشگاه‌های سالمندی استان یزد در سال 1399 بود که از میان آنان، آسایشگاه‌ سالمندی فاطمه الزهرا (س) شهر تفت به صورت دردسترس انتخاب و از بین سالمندان این سرا تعداد 110 نفر به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند و به پرسشنامه‌های رضایت از زندگی دینر و همکاران، تجدید نظر شده روابط نزدیک برن، کلارک و شیور و قدردانی مک­کالو و همکاران پاسخ دادند. داده‌های به دست آمده با استفاده از نرم­افزار SPSS نسخه 24 و با روش­های همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج به دست آمده از ضریب همبستگی حاکی از آن بود که از بین متغیرهای پیش‌بین، دلبستگی اجتنابی و قدردانی به ترتیب به صورت منفی و مثبت با رضایت از زندگی رابطه داشتند، اما دلبستگی اضطرابی با رضایت از زندگی رابطه معنادار نداشت. همچنین نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون نشان داد از میان دو متغیر دلبستگی اجتنابی و قدردانی، تنها متغیر قدردانی قادر به پیش‌بینی معنادار رضایت از زندگی بود (05/0>P). این متغیر توانست 44 درصد از تغییرات متغیر رضایت از زندگی را تبیین کند. براساس یافته‌های پژوهش می‌توان گفت کهقدردانی به عنوان یک ویژگی مثبت و ارزشمند، با تأثیر بر تعاملات اجتماعی و تغییر مثبت دیدگاه فرد نسبت به زندگی، رضایت از زندگی را در سالمندان پیش‌بینی می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Prediction of the Life Satisfaction Based on the Attachment styles and Gratitude in the Elderly Living in a Nursing Home

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zohreh Tajabadi
  • Fahimeh Dehghani
Department of psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
چکیده [English]

Elderly is one of the most important periods of every person’s life, which can have negative physical and psychological consequences for the individual, family and society if not spent with satisfaction and quality. Due to the change in the age structure of Iran's population from youth into old age, many researchers have considered the predictor variables of the life satisfaction in this age group. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to predict life satisfaction based on attachment styles and gratitude in the elderly. This was a descriptive study of correlational type. The statistical population consisted of the all elderly living in nursing homes of Yazd, Iran, among which Fatemeh Al-Zahra nursing home in Taft was selected. Selected using convenience sampling method were 110 people who filled out the satisfaction with life scale (Diener et al.), experiences in close relationships-revised (Brennan, Clark & Shaver), gratitude questionnaire (McCullough et al). The obtained data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis in SPSS-24 software. The results obtained from Pearson’s correlation coefficient indicated that among the predictor variables, avoidance attachment and gratitude respectively, had negative and positive correlation with life satisfaction, but there was no significant relationship between anxious attachment and life satisfaction. Besides, regression analysis showed that among avoidance attachment and gratitude variables, it was only gratitude that predicted life satisfaction significantly (p < 0.05). Gratitude could explain 44% of the variance of life satisfaction. Based on the mentioned results, gratitude as a positive and valuable characteristic, predicts life satisfaction in the elderly, through affecting social interactions and inducing positive change in one’s outlook on life.
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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Elderly
  • attachment
  • life satisfaction
  • gratitude
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References
Algoe, S. B. (2012). Find, remind and bind: The Functions of gratitude in everyday relationships. Social and Personality Psychology Compass6(6), 455-469.
Bayani, A. A., Koocheky, A. M., & Goodarzi, H. (2007). The reliability and validity of the satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Iranian Psychologists3(11), 259-260.
Behnam far, R., & Rasti, A. (2015). Linear regression, the normal distribution of error values or normal distribution of the dependent variable? Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 15, 263-265. [Persian]
Bodner, E., & Cohen-Fridel, S. (2010). Relations between attachment styles, ageism and quality of life in late life. International Psychogeriatrics22(8), 1353-1361.
Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (p. 46–76). The Guilford Press.
Campbell, L., Simpson, J. A., Boldry, J., & Kashy, D. A. (2005). Perceptions of conflict and support in romantic relationships: The role of attachment anxiety. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology88(3), 510-531.
Carstensen, L. L., Isaacowitz, D. M., & Charles, S. T. (1999). Taking time seriously: A theory of socioemotional selectivity. American Psychologist54(3), 165-181.‏
Chan, D. W. (2011). Burnout and life satisfaction: Does gratitude intervention make a difference among Chinese school teachers in Hong Kong? Educational Psychology31(7), 809-823.
Cicirelli, V. G. (2010). Attachment relationships in old age. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships27(2), 191-199.
Colby, S., & Ortman, J. M. (2014). The baby boom cohort in the United States: 2012 to 2060 (pp. 25-1141). US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, US Census Bureau Dasht Bozorgi, Z. (2017). The role of amnesty, gratitude and humility in predicting the mental well-being of the elderly. Positive Psychology Research, 3(2), 65-76. [Persian]
Didino, D., Frolova, E. A., Taran, E. A., & Gorodetski, K. (2016). Predictors of life satisfaction among older adults in Siberia. The European Proceedings of Social & Behavioural Sciences (EpSBS). Vol. 7: Lifelong Wellbeing in the World (WELLSO 2015).—Nicosia, 72015, 400-407.‏
Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment49(1), 71-75.‏
Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2003). Personality, culture, and subjective well-being: Emotional and cognitive evaluations of life. Annual Review of Psychology54(1), 403-425.‏
Emmonse, R. A., & Mccullough, M. E. (2003). Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology84(2), 377-389.‏
Fraley, R. C., Hudson, N. W., Heffernan, M. E., & Segal, N. (2015). Are adult attachment styles categorical or dimensional? A taxometric analysis of general and relationship-specific attachment orientations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology109(2), 354-368.‏
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