اثربخشی آموزش شفقت به خود بر رضایت از زندگی و تاب‌آوری زنان سالمند

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مشاوره، واحد ابهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ابهر، ایران.

2 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ابهر، دانشکده علوم انسانی، گروه روانشناسی، ابهر، ایران.

3 دانشیار، دکتری تخصصی مشاوره، گروه مشاوره، واحد ابهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ابهر، ایران.

4 استادیار، دکتری تخصصی روانشناسی، گروه روانشناسی، واحد ابهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ابهر، ایران.

چکیده

دوره سالمندی همراه با فقدان‌ها و از دست دادن‌ها می‌باشد، مثل از دست دادن موقعیت اجتماعی، همسر و غیره که باعث کاهش تاب‌آوری در برابر سختی‌ها و ناملایمات زندگی می‌گردد که این به نوبه خود سبب کاهش رضایت از زندگی می‌شود. بنابراین هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثربخشی آموزش شفقت به خود در بر رضایت از زندگی و تاب‌آوری زنان سالمند بود. روش پژوهش، نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون–پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل و پیگیری بود. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه زنان سالمندی بود (حدود 500 نفر) که در سال 1399 در آسایشگاه‌ها و مراکز توانبخشی و نگهداری سالمندان با نظارت سازمان بهزیستی در استان گیلان تحت توانبخشی و و مراقبت بودند. نمونه‌ای با حجم 30 نفر از بین آنها به شیوه هدفمند و با توجه به معیار‌های ورود و خروج مطالعه انتخاب و به طور تصادفی در دو گروه 15 نفری دسته بندی شدند. برای گروه آزمایشی 8 جلسه 2 ساعتی آموزش شفقت به خود گیلبرت اجرا گردید و در گروه کنترل مداخله‌ای انجام نشد. شرکت کنندگان با استفاده از پرسش‌نامه‌های رضایت از زندگی زندگی دینر و همکاران و تاب‌آوری کونور و دیویدسون، مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. برای تحلیل تحلیل نتایج از روش تحلیل کوواریانس تک متغیری به وسیله نرم افزار تحلیل آماری SPSS نسخه 20 استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل کوواریانس تک متغیر نشان داد که شفقت به خود باعث افزایش رضایت از زندگی و تاب‌آوری زنان سالمند گردید و این افزایش در دوره پیگیری ماندگار بود (05/0P<). بنابراین بر اساس یافته‌های این پژوهش می‌توان از آموزش شفقت به خود به عنوان یک الگوی کارآمد در مراکز نگهداری سالمندان برای ارتقاء تاب‌آوری و رضایت از زندگی و ویژگی‌های روان شناختی مثبت زنان سالمند استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effectiveness of the Self-Compassion Training on Life Satisfaction and Resilience of the Elderly Women

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jahan sadat Asadi bijaeyeh 1
  • Mojtaba Amiri Majd 2
  • Mohammad Ghamari 3
  • Ghorban Fathi aghdam 4
1 Department of counseling, Abhar branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Counseling, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran
چکیده [English]

The ageing period is associated with losses, such as loss of social status, spouse, and so on, which reduces the resilience of the elderly against the difficulties and hardships of life, in turn, reduces life satisfaction in the elderly. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to survey the effectiveness of the self-compassion training on life satisfaction and resilience of the elderly women. This quasi-experimental study was of pretest-posttest and control group design with a follow-up. The statistical population consisted of all the elderly women (about 500) who were under rehabilitation, education and care in nursing homes as well as rehabilitation, education and care centers supervising by welfare-organization in Guilan, Iran in 2020. A sample of 30 individuals were selected using purposeful sampling method along with inclusion and exclusion criteria, and randomly assigned into two groups with 15 members in each. The experimental group received eight sessions of Gilbert ̓s self-compassion training and control group received no intervention at the same time. Participants were evaluated using Diener et al.’s Life Satisfaction Questionnaire and Conner & Davidson’s Resilience Questionnaire. Used to analyze the data was Univariate Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results of revealed that self-compassion increased life satisfaction and resilience of the elderly women and this increase was permanent in the follow-up step (P<0.05). Therefore, based on the findings, self-compassion training can be used as an effective model in nursing homes to promote resilience, life satisfaction and positive psychological characteristics of the elderly women.

References
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Haroon Rashidi, H., & bahiraei, M. (2020). The Effectiveness of Positivism Training on the Life Satisfaction and Character Strengths in the Elderly Men. Aging Psychology, 6(2), 179-189. [Persian]
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Dehghan, K., Shariamadar, A., & Kalanar hormozi, A. (2015). effectiveness of life review therapy on death anxiety and life satisfaction of old women of Tehran.culture Counseling,6 (22),15-39. [Persian]
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
Farokhzadian, A., & Mirderekvand, F. (2017). The Effectiveness of self-compassion focused therapy on increase of psychological well-being and reduction of depression in the elderly. Aging psychology, 3 (4), 293-302. [Persian]
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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Self-Compassion
  • life satisfaction
  • resilience
  • elderly
  • women
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References
Ahern, N. R., Kiehl, E. M., Sole, M. L., & Byers, J. (2006). A review of instruments measuring resilience. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 29, 103-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01460860600677643
Alidaei, S., & Ebrahimi moghadam, H. (2014). Investigating the Role of Hopefulness and Personal Well-being in Life Satisfaction of the Elderly in Tehran. Counseling Culture and Psycotherapy, 5(17), 103-116. [Persian]
Alinasab, S., Shahgholian, M., & Farahani, M.T. (2017). Relationship between extraversion/ neuroticism and mental well-being: The mediating role of mindfulness" Journal ofPsychological Health Research, 11(1), 1-12. [Persian]
Arshi, M., Dalirian, S., Eghlima, M., & Shrinbayan, P. (2015). The effectiveness of group social work forgiveness intervention on the life satisfaction of the elderly living in care institutions. Iranian journal of ageing, 10(4), 174-181. [Persian]
Baharvandi, B., Kazemian Moghadam, K., & Haroon Rashidi, H. (2020). The Effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on ambiguity tolerance and death anxiety in the elderly. Aging Psychology, 6(1), 13-26. [Persian]
Haroon Rashidi, H., & bahiraei, M. (2020). The Effectiveness of Positivism Training on the Life Satisfaction and Character Strengths in the Elderly Men. Aging Psychology, 6(2), 179-189. [Persian]
Baker, D. A., Caswell, H. L., & Eccles, F. J.R. (2019). Self-compassion and depression, anxiety, and resilience in adults with epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 90(2019), 154–161 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.11.025
Center for policy on ageing, CPA. (2014). Resilience in Older Age, Tavis House, 1-6 Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9NA P, 1-45. http://www.cpa.org.uk/
Combes-Malcome, L. A. (2007). Beginning teachers, resilience and retention. Doctoral Dissertation, San Marcos: Texas State University.
Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety 18 (2), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113
Dehghan, K., Shariamadar, A., & Kalanar hormozi, A. (2015). effectiveness of life review therapy on death anxiety and life satisfaction of old women of Tehran.culture Counseling,6 (22),15-39. [Persian]
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
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