اضطراب مرگ در سالمندان: نقش سلامت معنوی و حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مشاوره، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

2 کارشناسی مشاوره، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

چکیده

سالمندی به عنوان یکی از مهمترین دوره‌های زندگی با چالش‌های متعددی از جمله اضطراب مرگ همراه است. بنابراین پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی نقش سلامت معنوی و حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده در پیش‌بینی اضطراب مرگ در سالمندان انجام شد. پژوهش حاضر توصیفی از نوع همبستگی بود. جامعه پژوهش سالمندان ساکن شهرستان شهرکرد در سال 1399 بود که 385 نفر از آنها به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند و با مقیاس‌های اضطراب مرگ تمپلر، حمایت اجتماعی ادرک شده زمن و سلامت معنوی پولوتزین و الیسون مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون‌های ضریب همبستگی و تحلیل رگرسیون خطی با نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 22 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که بین سلامت معنوی (51/0-=r)، حمایت اجتماعی اجتماعی ادراک شده از سوی خانواده (37/0-=r)، دوستان (30/0-=r) و افراد مهم زندگی (16/0-=r) با اضطراب مرگ سالمندان رابطه معنادار وجود دارد. نتایج رگرسیون خطی نیز نشان داد که سلامت معنوی (001/0=P و 46/0-=β) و حمایت اجتماعی ادراک شده از سوی خانواده (001/0=P و 29/0-=β) می‌توانند اضطراب مرگ سالمندان را به صورت منفی پیش‌بینی کنند و 7/26 درصد واریانس اضطراب مرگ سالمندان را تبیین می‌کنند. بنابراین پیشنهاد می‌شود مشاوران و روان‌شناسان حیطه سالمند با بکارگیری تدابیری جهت ارتقای سلامت معنوی و حمایت اجتماعی در سالمندان اضطراب مرگ را کاهش دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Death Anxiety in the Elderly: The Role of Spiritual Health and Perceived Social Support

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehrdad Hajihasani 1
  • Nahid Naderi 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, I.R. Iran.
2 Bachelor of Counseling, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, I.R. Iran
چکیده [English]

Aging as one of the most important periods of life is associated with many challenges including death anxiety. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the role of spiritual health and perceived social support in predicting death anxiety in the elderly. The present study was a descriptive-correlational one. The study population consisted of the elderly living in Shahrekord in 2020, among whom 385 were selected using convenience sampling method and were assessed by the scales of Templer Death Anxiety, Zemen Perceived Social Support and Paloutzian & Ellison spiritual health. Data were analyzed using correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis in SPSS software version 22. The results indicated that there is a significant relationship between spiritual health (r=-0.51), perceived social support by family (r=-0.37), friends (r=-0.30) and significant other (r=-0.16) with death anxiety in the elderly. The results of linear regression analysis releaved that spiritual health (P=0.001, β=-0.46) and perceived social support by the family (P=0.001, β=-0.29) can predict negatively the death anxiety in the elderly and explain 26.7% of the variance of death anxiety in the elderly. Consequently, counselors and psychologists in the field of aging are suggested to reduce death anxiety in the elderly, using strategies to promote spiritual health and social support.
References

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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Death Anxiety
  • Spiritual Health
  • Perceived Social Support
  • Elderly
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References
Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (2001). Death, anxiety, and depression in Kuwaiti undergraduates. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying42(4), 309-320.
Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (2005). Death anxiety in clinical and non-clinical groups. Death Studies29(3), 251-259.
Alipour, A., Aliakbari Dehkord, D. M., Amini, F., & Hashemi Jashni, J. A. (2016). Relationship between perceived social support and adherence of treatment in Diabetes Mellitus type 2: mediating role of resiliency and rope. Journal of Research in Psychological Health, 10(2), 53-67. [Persian]
Andreas, S., Schulz, H., Volkert, J., Dehoust, M., Sehner, S., Suling, A., Ausín, B., Canuto, A., Crawford, M., Da Ronch, C. & Grassi, L. (2017). Prevalence of mental disorders in elderly people: the European MentDis_ICF65+ study. The British Journal of Psychiatry210(2), 125-131.
Aslani, Y., Hosseini, R., Alijanpour Aghamaleki, M., Javanbakhtian Ghahfarokhi, R., & Borhaninejad, V. (2018). Spiritual health and life satisfaction in older adults in Shahrekord hospitals, 2013. Journal of Clinical Nursing and Midwifery, 6(4), 1-10. [Persian].
Atadokht, A., Rahimi, S., Valinejad, S. (2018). The Role of health promoting lifestyle and religious orientation in predicting quality of life and death anxiety in elders. Aging Psychology, 4(2), 143-154. [Persian].
Bagheri, H., Sadeghi, M., Esmaeili, N., & Naeimi, Z. (2016). Relationship between spiritual health and depression and quality of sleep in the older adults in Shahroud. Journal of Gerontology, 1(1), 55-62.  [Persian].
Basharpoor, S., Rahimi, S., Sedaghat, M. (2019). The Role of psychological flexibility and emotional processing styles in predicting death anxiety in the elderly. Aging Psychology, 5(2), 131-141. [Persian].
Becker, E. (1973). The denial of death. Free Press.
Berkman, L. F., Glass, T., Brissette, I., & Seeman, T. E. (2000). From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new millennium. Social science & medicine51(6), 843-857.
Bufford, R. K., Paloutzian, R. F., & Ellison, C. W. (1991). Norms for the spiritual weil-being scale. Journal of psychology and theology19(1), 56-70.
Chukwuorji, J. C., Uzuegbu, C. N., Chukwu, C. V., Ifeagwazi, C. M., & Ugwu, C. (2020). Social support serves emotion regulation function in death anxiety among people living with HIV/AIDS. South African Journal of Psychology50(3), 395-410.
Cochran, W. G. (1940). Note on an approximate formula for the significance levels of z. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics11(1), 93-95.
Dos Santos, S. B., Rocha, G. P., Fernandez, L. L., de Padua, A. C., & Reppold, C. T. (2018). Association of lower spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, subjective well-being, optimism and hope scores with mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia. Frontiers in psychology9, 1-10.
Ebrahimi, B., Hosseini, M., & Rashedi, V. (2018). The Relationship between social support and death anxiety among the elderly. Elderly Health Journal4(2), 37-42.
Emamirad, A., Amiri, H. (2018). The Relationship between spiritual health and meaning of life with death anxiety in elders. Aging Psychology, 4(3), 251-261. [Persian]
Esmaeilishad, B. (2020). The Effectiveness of self-care training on quality of life, self-care behaviors and blood sugar in elderly lacking self-Care behaviors. Aging Psychology, 6(1), 1-11. [Persian].
Fortner, V., Robert A. Neimeyer, B. (1999). Death anxiety in older adults: A quantitative review. Death studies23(5), 387-411.
Ghasempour, A., Sooreh, J., & Seid Tazeh Kand., M.T (2017). Predicting death anxiety on the basis of emotion cognitive regulation strategies. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology, 13(48), 63-70. [Persian].
Han, A. R., Park, S. A., & Ahn, B. E. (2018). Reduced stress and improved physical functional ability in elderly with mental health problems following a horticultural therapy program. Complementary Therapies in Medicine38, 19-23.
Hwang, H. (2019). Factors influencing death anxiety among rural elderly. Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics44(2), 111-116.
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