پیش‌بینی رضایت از زندگی سالمندان بر اساس سبک زندگی ارتقا‌دهنده سلامت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران

3 کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی عجب شیر

چکیده

سالمندی که مقطع سنی بالاتر از ۶۵ سال اشاره دارد، دوران مهمی از زندگی است. امروزه به دلیل بالا رفتن امید به زندگی و کاهش میزان زاد و ولد در کشورهای توسعه‌یافته و در حال‌ توسعه، پدیده ســالمندی بیش ‌از پیش مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. بنابراین پژوهش حاضر با هدف پیش‌بینی رضایت از زندگی سالمندان بر اساس سبک زندگی ارتقادهنده سلامت صورت گرفت. روش پژوهش حاضر از نوع همبستگی بود. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه‌ سالمندان 60 تا 75 سال مراجعه کننده به مراکز نگهداری سالمندان شهر تبریز در سال 1399 بود. نمونه آماری در این پژوهش 183 نفر بود که بصورت روش نمونه‌گیری دردسترس انتخاب گردید. برای جمع­آوری داده‌ها از پرسش‌نامه سبک زندگی ارتقادهنده سلامت و پرسشنامه رضایت از زندگی استفاده شده است. تجزیه‌ و تحلیل اطلاعات با استفاده از تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه مدل گام‌به‌گام صورت گرفت. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که بین همه مؤلفه‌های سبک زندگی ارتقادهنده سلامت و رضایت از زندگی در سالمندان رابطه معنی‌دار وجود دارد و متغیرهای پیش‌بین ۳۴ درصد از واریانس رضایت از زندگی سالمندان را تبیین می‌کنند. به ترتیب، متغیرهای فعالیت جسمی (۳۴۴/۰β=)، رشد معنوی (۱۸۷/۰β=)، روابط بین‌فردی (۱۶۱/۰β=) و مسئولیت‌پذیری سلامتی (۱۳۳/۰β=) می‌توانند رضایت از زندگی را در سالمندان به صورت مثبت پیش‌بینی کنند. بنابراین با تکیه بر یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر، به نظر می‌رسد بتوان با بهره‌گیری از آموزش سبک زندگی ارتقا‌دهنده سلامت بویژه در مؤلفه‌های فعالیت جسمی، رشد معنوی، روابط بین‌فردی و مسئولیت‌پذیری جهت افزایش رضایت از زندگی در سالمندان اقدام نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Prediction of the Elderly’s Life Satisfaction Based on Health-Promoting Lifestyle

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossin Vahedi Kojnagh 1
  • Ali Afshari 2
  • Rasul Rezaei Malajagh 1
  • Ali Eghbali 1
  • Maryam Taheri 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
3 M.A. in Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Ajabshir
چکیده [English]

Elderly, which refers to the age group above 65 years, appears to be a substantial period of life. Nowadays, due to the increase of life expectancy and the decrease of birth rates in developed and developing countries, the phenomenon of elderly has been attracting attention more than ever. Consequently, the aim of this study was to predict the elderly’s life satisfaction based on the health-promoting lifestyle. The method of the present study was of correlational type. The statistical population included all the elderly people aged 60 to 75 years referring to the elderly care centers in Tabriz, Iran in 2020. The statistical sample included 183 people selected using convenience sampling method. Used to collect data were Health-Promoting lifestyle and life satisfaction questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Multiple Regression Analysis of stepwise model. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between all factors of the health-promoting lifestyle and life satisfaction in the elderly and the predictor variables explain 34% of the variance of elderly’s life satisfaction. Physical activity (β=0.344), spiritual growth (β=0.187), interpersonal relationships (β=0.161) and health responsibility (β=0.133) can predict the elderly’s life satisfaction in a positive way, respectively. Therefore, based on the findings, it seems that taking advantages of teaching of health-promoting lifestyle, specifically the components of physical activity and spiritual growth, we can improve the elderly’s life satisfaction. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Health- promoting lifestyle
  • life satisfaction
  • elderly
شجاعی­تهرانی،  ح.، و عبادی­فرد، آ. (1398).  اصول خدمات بهداشتی. تهران: نشر سماط.
شیخی، م.، هومن، ح.، احدی، ح.، و سپاه­منصور، م. (1389). مشخصه­های روانسنجی مقیاس رضایت از زندگی. فصلنامهتازه­هایروانشناسیصنعتی سازمانی، 1(4)، 25-17.
طهماسبی، ه.، مداح­سادات، س.، دالوندی، ا.، قاسمی، س.، و رهگذر، م. (1397). بررسی تأثیر برنامه آموزشی رفتارهای ارتقادهنده سلامت بر سبک زندگی سالمندان. نشریه پژوهش توانبخشی در پرستاری، 5(2)، 57-54.
قنبری­مقدم، ا.، محمدی‌شاهبلاغی، ف.، دالوندی، ا.، و حسین‌زاده، س. (1394). ارتباط سبک زندگی و سلامت عمومی سالمندان شهر تهران. سالمند (مجله سالمندی ایران)، 10(3)، ۹۹-۹۰.
لطف­آبادی، ح،. (۱۳۷۹). روانشناسی رشد (۲)، جوانی و بزگسالی. ویرایش دوم. تهران: انتشارات سمت.
محمدی­زیدی، ع.، پاکپور حاجی­آقا، ا.، و محمدی­زیدی،  ب. (1390). روایی و پایایی نسخه فارسی پرسشنامه سبک زندگی ارتقاء دهنده سلامت. مجلهدانشگاهعلومپزشکیمازندران، 21(1)،1۱۳-1۰3.
ناجی اصفهانی، ف.، صیرفی م.، و کراسکیان موجمباری، آ. (۱۳۹۹). اثربخشی مداخله فعال‌سازی رفتاری بر افزایش رفتارهای خودمراقبتی و امید به زندگی سالمندان. روان‌شناسی پیری، 6(2)، 105-93.
نادری، ف.، و روشنی، خ. (۱۳۸۹). رابطه هوش معنوی و هوش اجتماعی با اضطراب مرگ زنان سالمند. فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی زن و فرهنگ. زمستان، ۲(6)، ۶۷-۵۵.
ورعی، پ.، مؤمنی، خ.، و مرادی، آ. (1396). پیش‌بینی بهزیستی روان‌شناختی بر اساس دین‌داری و خود شفقت ورزی در سالمندان. روان‌شناسی پیری، 3(1)، ۵۴-۴۵.
وفایی، م.، شاهی، ح.، و بشارت، م. (1394). پیش‌بینی سالمندی موفق بر اساس راهبردهای مدیریت زندگی. روان­شناسی پیری، 1(2)، 57-71.
هارون­رشیدی، ه.، و بحیرایی، م. (1399). اثربخشی مداخله مثبت‌نگر بر رضایت از زندگی و توانمندی منش در مردان سالمند، روان‌شناسی پیری، 6(2)، 189-179.
References
Asberg, K. H., & Sonn, U. (1988). The cumulative structure of personal instrumental ADL A study of elderly people in a health service district. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 21, 171–177. https://europepmc.org/article/med/2631192
Bae, W., Suh, I. K. Y., Ryu, J., & Heo, J. (2017). Physical activity levels and well-being in older adults. PsychologicalReports, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294116688892
Banjare, P. Dwivedi, R. & Pradhan, J.  (2015). Factors associated with the life satisfaction amongst the rural elderly in Odisha, India. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 13(201), 48-61. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-015-0398-y
Black, V. S., Cooper, R., & Martin, R. K. (2015). Physical activity and mental well-being in a cohort aged 60–64 years. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 49(2), 172–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2015.03.009
Boonphadung, S. (2013). Factors Effecting Life Satisfaction of the Elderly in Bangkok. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, 10, 894–903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iatssr
Callahan. D. (1992). When Self‐Determination Runs Amok. Journal Hastings Center Report, 2(22), 62-78. https://doi.org /10.2307/3562566
Diener, E. D., Emmons, R., Larsen, R., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49 (1), 71-75.https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
Dinzeo, T. J., Thayasivam, U., & Sledjeski, E. M. (2014). The development of the lifestyle and habits questionnaire-brief version: Relationship to quality of life and stress in college students. Prevention Science, 15(1), 103-114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-013-0370-1
Efklides, A., Maria, K., & Grace, C. (2003). Subjective quality of life in old age in Greece, the effect of demographic factors, emotional state, and adaptation to aging. European Psychologist, 8, 178–191.  https://doi.org /0.1027//1016-9040.8.3.178
Eser, S., Saatli, G., Eser, E., Baydur, H., & Fidaner, C. (2010). The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the world health organization quality of life instrument-older adults  module (WHOQOL-Old). Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 21(1), 37–48.
Forster, P., & Morris, M. (2012). Successful transition to retirement in Australia. Social Sciences Directory, 1(1), 4-12.
Ghanbari Moghadam, A., Mohammadi Shah Bolaghi, F., Dalvandi, A., & Hosseinzadeh, S. (2015). The relationship between lifestyle and general health of the elderly in Tehran. Elderly (Iranian Journal of Aging), 10 (3), 90-99. [Persian]
Goçer, S., Mazıcıoglu, M. M., Ulutabanca, R. O., Ünalan, D., Karaduman, M. & Tarhan, K. S. (2020). Assessment of healthy lifestyle behaviors in traveling seasonal agricultural workers. Public Health, 180, Article 149e153.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2019.11.013
Han, K. C., & Hong, I. S. (2010). Assets and Life Satisfaction Patterns among Korean Older Adults: Latent Class Analysis. Assets and Life Satisfaction Patterns, 100, 225–240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9613-8
Haroon Rashidi, H., & Bahiraei, M. (2020). The effectiveness of positive intervention on life satisfaction and character ability in older men. Psychology of Aging. 6(2), 179-189.  https://doi.org/10.22126/jap.2020. 5647. 1460. [Persian]
Heylighen, F. (1992). A cognitive-systemic reconstruction of Maslow's theory of self-actualization. Behavioral Science, 37(1), 39–58. https://doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830370105
Heckhausen, J., Schulz, R. & Hurtt, R. K. (2010). The primacy of primary control is a human universal: A reply to Gould`s (2010) critique of life-span theory of control. Psychological Review, 106(3), 605-609.
Kim, S. Y., Jeon, E. Y., Sok, S. R., & Kim, K. B. (2006). Comparison of health-promoting behaviors of noninstitutionalized and institutionalized older adults in Korea. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 38, (1), 31–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2006.00074.x
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and psychological measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
Kudo, H., Izumo, Y., & Kodamo, H. (2007). Life satisfaction in older people. Geriatrics and Gerontology International, 7 (1), 15–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0594.2007.00362.x
Kvintová, J., & Sigmund, A. (2016). Physical activity, body composition and health assessment in current female University students with active and inactive lifestyles. Journal of Physical Education and Sport (JPES), 16 Supplement issue (1), 627 – 632.https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes. 2016.s1100
Kvintova, J., Kudlacek, M. & Sigmundova, D. (2016). Active Lifestyle as a Determinant of Life Satisfaction among University Students. Anthropologist, 24 (1), 179-185. https://doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2016.11892004
Landau, R., & Litwin, H. (2012). Subjective well-being among the old-old: the role of health, personality and social support. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 52, 65–280. https://doi.org/10.2190/RUMT-YCDX-X5HP-P2VH
Leon, J. B., Mitchell, A. J., Vega S, & Bermejo-Pareja, F. (2010). A population-based study of cognitive function in older people with subjective memory complaints. Journal of Alzheimer's Disorder, 22 (1), 159–170.https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2010-100972
Lindwall, M., Rennemark, M., & Berggren, T. (2008). Movement in mind: The relationship of exercise with cognitive status for older adults in the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care (SNAC). Aging and Mental Health, 12, 212–220. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860701797232
Lotfabadi, H. (2000). Developmental psychology (2) youth and adults. 2nd edition. Tehran: Samt Publication. [Persian]
Maheswaran, T, & Ranjit, L. (2013). A study on Life Satisfaction among Elderly People. Res Journal of Sociology, 1 (1), 1–8. http://www.researchjournali.com/view.php?id=178
Marpady, P., Jyothi, P. S., & Singhe, M. S. (2012). Social support network and life satisfaction among elders in Mangalore Taluk: An implication for social work intervention. Social Science, 48, 9457–60. http://www.elixirpublishers.com/articles/1351246854_48%20(2012)%209457 -9460.pdf
McPhie, M. L, & Rawana, J. S. (2015). The effect of physical activity on depression in adolescence and emerging adulthood: A growth-curve analysis. Journal of Adolescence, 40, 83-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.01.008
Mohammadi Zaidi, A., Pakpour, Haji Agha, A. & Mohammadi Zaidi, B. (2011). Validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Health Promoter Lifestyle Questionnaire. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 21 (1), 103-113.[Persian]
Mroczek, D. K., & Spiro, A. (2005). Change in life satisfaction during adulthood: findings from the veteran’s affairs normative aging study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88:189–202. .https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.88.1.189
Naderi, F., & Roshani, Kh. (2010). The Relationship between spiritual intelligence and social intelligence and death anxiety in elderly women. Scientific Research Quarterly of Women and Culture, 2(6), 55-67.[Persian]
Naji Esfahani, F., Sirafi, M. R., & Kraskian Mojambari, A. (2020). The effectiveness of behavioral activation intervention on increasing self-care behaviors and life expectancy of the elderly. Psychology of Aging, 6(2), 93-105. https://doi.org/10.22126/jap.2020.5344. 1427 [Persian]
Parker, P. D., Martin, A. J., & Marsh, H. W. (2008). Factors predicting life satisfaction: A process model of personality, multidimensional self-concept, and life satisfaction. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 18, 15–29. https://doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.18.1.15.
Pinto, J. M., & Neri, A. L. (2013). Factors associated with low life life satisfaction in community-dwelling elderly: FIBRA Study. (Cadenos De Saude) Publica, 29 (12), 2447–58.https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00173212
Raj, D., Swain, P. K., & Pedgaonkar, S. P.  (2014). A Study on quality of life satisfaction & physical health of elderly people in Varanasi: An urban area of Uttar Pradesh, India. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 3(5), 616–620.https://doi.org /10.5455/ijmsph.2014.140320145
Rangul, V., Bauman, A., Holmen, T. L., & Midthjell, K. (2012). Is physical activity maintenance from adolescence to young adulthood associated with reduced CVD risk factors, improved mental health and satisfaction with life: The HUNT Study, Norway. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9, 144. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-9-144
Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L. (1997). Successful aging. The Gerontologist, 37 (4), 433-440.
Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
Senol, V., Ünalan, D., Soyuer, F., & Argün, M. (2014). The Relationship between Health Promoting Behaviors and Quality of Life in Nursing Home Residents in Kayseri. Journal of Geriatrics, 4, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/839685
Sheikhi, M., Hooman, H., Ahadi, H., & Sepah Mansour, M. (2010). Psychometric properties of life satisfaction scale. Quarterly Journal of Organizational Industrial Psychology, 1 (4), 17-25. [Persian]
Shojaei Tehrani, H., & Ebadi Fard, A. (2019). Principles of health services. Tehran: Samat Publishing.[Persian]
Sims, J., Kerse, M. N., Naccarella,   L., & Long, H. (2000). Health promotion and older people: the role of the general practitioner in Australia in promoting healthy ageing. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 24, (4), 356–359. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842X.2000.tb01592.x
Stalbrand, I. S., Svensson, T., Elmstahal, S., Horstmann, V., Hagbergm, B., Dehlin, O., & Samuelsson, G.  (2007). Subjective health and illness, coping and life satisfaction in 80-year-old Swedish population-implications for mortality. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 14, 173–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03000189
Stanton, R., & Reaburn, P. (2014). Exercise and the treatment of depression: A review of the exercise program variables. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 17(2), 177–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.03.010
Stockert, P. (2000). The determinants of a health promoting lifestyle measurement in older adults (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Illinois, Chicago.
Tahmasebi, H., Madah Sadat, S., Dalvandi, A., Ghasemi, S., & Rahgozar, M. (2018). The effect of health promotion behaviors training program on the lifestyle of the elderly. Journal of Rehabilitation Research in Nursing, 5 (2), 47-54. [Persian]
Talevich, J. R., Read, S. J., Walsh, D. A., Iyer, R., & Chopra, G. (2017) Toward a comprehensive taxonomy of human motives. PLoS ONE 12(2), Article e0172279. https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-9531.101371
Tol, A., Tavassoli, E., Shariferad, G. R., & Shojaeezadeh, D. (2013). Health-promoting lifestyle and quality of life among undergraduate students at school of health, Isfahan University of medical sciences. Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion, 2, Article 11. https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-9531.108006
Vafaie, M., Shahi, H., & Besharat, M. (2014). Predicting successful aging based on life management strategies. Psychology of Aging, 1(2), 57-71.[Persian]
Vanderlinden, J., Boen, F. & van Uffelen, J.G.Z. (2020). Effects of physical activity programs on sleep outcomes in older adults: a systematic review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 17, 11-26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-0913-3.
Varei, P., Momeni, K., & Moradi, A. (2016). Predicting psychological well-being based on religiosity and self-compassion in the elderly. Psychology of Aging, 3(1), 45-54. [Persian].
Walker, S. N., Kerr, M. J., Pender, N. J. & Sechrist, K. R. (1990). A Spanish language version of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile. Nursing Research, 39, 268-273. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2399130/
Walker, S. N., Sechrit, K. R. & Pender, N. J. (1987). The health promoting lifestyle profile; development and psychometric characteristics. Nursing Research, 36, 76-81. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3644262/
Won, M., & Choi, Y. (2013). Are Koreans prepared for the rapid increase of the single-household elderly? Life satisfaction and depression of the single-household elderly in Korea. The Scientific World Journal, Article 972194. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/972194