اثربخشی درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر افسردگی، سلامت روان‌شناختی و امید به زندگی سالمندان مبتلا به افسردگی غیربالینی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد روان‌شناسی عمومی، گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

سالمندی به دلیل کاهش عملکردهای جسمانی و روان‌شناختی یکی از دوران چالش‌انگیز زندگی است و سالمندان مبتلا به افسردگی غیربالینی با مشکلات زیادی از جمله افزایش افسردگی و کاهش سلامت و امید به زندگی مواجه هستند. بنابراین، پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین اثربخشی درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر افسردگی، سلامت روان‌شناختی و امید به زندگی سالمندان مبتلا به افسردگی غیربالینی انجام شد. این مطالعه نیمه‌تجربی با طرح پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه پژوهش همه سالمندان مبتلا به افسردگی غیربالینی مراجعه‌کننده به مراکز و درمانگاه‌های خدمات روان‌شناختی شهر اهواز در فصل بهار سال 1399 بودند. نمونه پژوهش 50 نفر بودند که پس از بررسی ملاک‌های ورود به مطالعه با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب و با روش تصادفی در دو گروه مساوی جایگزین شدند. گروه آزمایش 10 جلسه 90 دقیقه‌ای درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد دریافت کرد و گروه کنترل در لیست انتظار برای آموزش قرار گرفت. ابزار پژوهش مقیاس‌های افسردگی سالمندان یساویج و شیخ، سلامت روان‌شناختی نجاریان و داودی و امید به زندگی اسنایدر و همکاران بودند. داده‌ها با روش تحلیل کوواریانس تک‌متغیری در نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 19 تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها نشان داد که گروه‌ آزمایش از نظر هر سه متغیر افسردگی، سلامت روان‌شناختی و امید به زندگی تفاوت معنی‌داری داشتند. به عبارت دیگر، درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد باعث کاهش افسردگی و بهبود سلامت روان‌شناختی و امید به زندگی در سالمندان مبتلا به افسردگی غیربالینی شد (05/0>P). با توجه به نتایج پژوهش حاضر، درمانگران و متخصصان سلامت می‌توانند از روش درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد برای مداخله‌های مرتبط با سلامت به‌ویژه برای کاهش افسردگی و بهبود سلامت روان‌شناختی و امید به زندگی استفاده نمایند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment based Therapy on Depression, Psychological Health and Life Expectancy of the Elderly with Nonclinical Depression

نویسندگان [English]

  • Soroush Golestanifar 1
  • Zahra DashtBozorgi 2
1 MA Student of General Psychology, Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Elderly seems to be one of the challenging periods of life due to a decrease of physical and psychological functions and the elderly with nonclinical depression face many problems including an increase of depression and a decrease of health and life expectancy. Therefore, the current research aimed to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy on depression, psychological health and life expectancy of the elderly with nonclinical depression. This study was a quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest with control group design. The research population included all the elderly with non-clinical depression referring to the psychological service centers and clinics in Ahvaz, Iran in the spring of 2020. The sample included 50 people selected according to including and excluding criteria, using purposive sampling method and were randomly assigned into two equal groups. The experimental group received 10 sessions of 90 minutes acceptance and commitment therapy and the control group was in a waiting list for training. The research tools were the geriatric depression scale (Yasavage & Sheikh), psychological health scale (Najjarian & Davodi) and life expectancy scale (Snyder et. al.). Data were analyzed using ANCOVA in SPSS-19. The findings indicated that the experimental group was significantly different in terms of all three variables of depression, psychological health and life expectancy. In the other words, acceptance and commitment therapy led to a reduction in depression and an improvement of psychological health and life expectancy in the elderly with nonclinical depression (p < 0.05). According to the results of the present study, therapists and health professionals can take advantages of acceptance and commitment therapy in health-related interventions, especially to reduce depression and improve psychological health and life expectancy.

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Esmaeilishad, B. (2020). The effectiveness of self-care training on quality of life, self-care behaviors and blood sugar in elderly lacking self-care behaviors. Journal of Aging Psychology, 6(1), 1-11. [Persian]
Fang, S., & Ding, D. (2020). The efficacy of group-based acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological capital and school engagement: A pilot study among Chinese adolescents. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 16, 134-143.
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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Acceptance and commitment based therapy
  • depression
  • psychological health
  • life expectancy
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References
Abbasi, M., Khazan, K., Pirani, Z., & Ghasemi Jobaneh, R. (2016). Effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment on cognitive-emotional functions of veterans. Iranian Journal of War and Public Health, 8(4), 203-208. [Persian]
Aajami, Z., Kazazi, L., Toroski, M., Bahrami, M., & Borhaninejad, V. (2020). Relationship between depression and cognitive impairment among elderly: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Caring Sciences, 9(3), 148-153. [Persian]
Alemi S, Malihialzackerini S, Abolmaali Alhoseini K, Khabiri M. Comparison of the effectiveness of mindfulness training and massage-aromatherapy on rising psychological health of elderly women with chronic pain. Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion, 7(4), 359-370. [Persian]
Asghari, N., Maddahi, M. E., Kraskian Mojemnari, A., & Sahaf, R. (2019). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy on physical and psychological symptoms of elderly women. Journal of Nursing Education, 8(3), 62-70. [Persian]
Beck, A. T., & Clarck, D. A. (1988). Anxiety and depression: An information processing perspective. Journal of Anxiety Research, 1(1), 23-36.
Bunyathikan, T., Soonthornchaiya, R., & Charenboon, T. (2020). The effects of an acceptance and commitment therapy program on the depressive symptoms of elderly patients with major depressive disorder. The Journal of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, 34(2), 118-131.
Chisumpa, V. H., & Odimegwu, C. O. (2018). Decomposition of age- and cause-specific adult mortality contributions to the gender gap in life expectancy from census and survey data in Zambia. SSM - Population Health, 5, 218-226.
Coto-Lesmes, R., Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., & Gonzalez-Fernandez, S. (2020). Acceptance and commitment therapy in-group format for anxiety and depression. A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 263, 107-120.
Davison, T. E., Eppingstall, B., Runci, S., O’Connor, D. W. (2017). A pilot trial of acceptance and commitment therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety in older adults residing in long-term care facilities. Aging and Mental Health, 21(7), 766-773.
Esmaeilishad, B. (2020). The effectiveness of self-care training on quality of life, self-care behaviors and blood sugar in elderly lacking self-care behaviors. Journal of Aging Psychology, 6(1), 1-11. [Persian]
Fang, S., & Ding, D. (2020). The efficacy of group-based acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological capital and school engagement: A pilot study among Chinese adolescents. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 16, 134-143.
Flujas-Contreras, J. M., & Gomez, I. (2018). Improving flexible parenting with acceptance and commitment therapy: A case study. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 8, 29-35.
Forman, E. M., & Herbert, J. D. (2008). New directions in cognitive behavior therapy: Acceptance based therapies. In: O’donohue O, Fisher JE, editors. Cognitive behavior therapy: Applying empirically supported treatments in your practice. (2nd edition), Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Publisher.
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