هم‌سنجی اثربخشی سایکودرام، خاطره‌پردازی و درمان عقلانی-عاطفی و رفتاری بر اضطراب مرگ سالمندان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مشاوره و روانشناسی دانشکده ادبیات و علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرمانشاه

2 استادیار گروه روانشناسی و مشاوره، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه روانشناسی و مشاوره ، واحد کرمانشاه، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

4 گروه روان شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرمانشاه

چکیده

با توجه به روند رو به افزایش جمعیت سالمندان، اهمیت دوره سالمندی و مشکلاتی از جمله اضطراب مرگ که این قشر از جامعه با آن روبه‌رو هستند، شناخت روش های مداخله‌ای و مقایسه این روش‌ها جهت ارتقاء سلامت روانی، درمان و توانبخشی سالمندان یکی از نیازهای پژوهشی حوزه سالمندی است. بنابراین پژوهش حاضر با هدف هم‌سنجی اثربخشی سایکودرام، خاطره‌پردازی و درمان عقلانی-عاطفی و رفتاری الیس بر اضطراب مرگ سالمندان انجام گرفت. روش پژوهش، نیمه آزمایشی از نوع پیش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری شامل تمامی سالمندان مرد دارای اضطراب مرگ و مقیم سراهای سالمندی کرمانشاه بود که در ابتدا به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس، یک مرکز انتخاب و بر اساس ملاک‌های ورود، تعداد 40 سالمند انتخاب و به طور تصادفی در سه گروه آزمایشی و یک گروه کنترل قرار گرفتند. گروه سایکودرام به مدت یک ماه و نیم در 12جلسه یک ساعتی و خاطره‌پردازی به مدت پنج هفته و در10 جلسه یک ساعت و نیم و درمان عقلانی-عاطفی و رفتاری به مدت یک ماه و در 8 جلسه به صورت دو روز در هفته انجام شد. ابزار پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه‌های وضعیت مختصر روان‌شناختی و اضطراب مرگ تمپلر بود. نتایج تحلیل کواریانس تک‌متغیری نشان داد که هر سه روش درمانی بر کاهش اضطراب مرگ به طور معناداری اثربخش بودند (05/0p < ). نتایج آزمون تعقیبی LSD نشان داد که تفاوت بین سایکودرام با خاطره‌پردازی (01/0p < ) و بین سایکودرام با درمان عقلانی عاطفی (01/0p < ) معنادار است، اما تفاوت بین خاطره‌پردازی با درمان عقلانی-عاطفی و رفتاری بر کاهش اضطراب مرگ در سالمندان معنادار نیست (01/0p < ). بنابراین به روان‌شناسان پیشنهاد می‌شود از این روش‌های مداخله، به ویژه سایکودرام، جهت کاهش اضطراب مرگ در سالمندان استفاده کنند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Comparison of the Effectiveness of Psychodrama, Reminiscence and Rational-Emotional and Behavioral Treatment on Death Anxiety in the Elderly

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nayereh Mardi 1
  • Mokhtar Arefi 2
  • Khodamorad Momeni 3
  • Hasan Amiri 4
1 Department of Psychology and Counseling, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology and counseling, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology and Counseling, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
4 ، Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch
چکیده [English]

Given the growing number of elderly population, the importance of old age and the problems this age group faces in the society, such as death anxiety (DA), identifying and comparing interventions to improve elderlies’ mental health, treatment and rehabilitation seems required in elderly-related researches. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of psychodrama, reminiscence and Allis’s rational-emotional and behavioral therapy (REBT) on DA in the elderly. It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical papulation included all male elderly with DA residing in nursing homes in Kermanshah, Iran. At first, selected through convenience sampling was a center in which 40 elderlies were selected according to inclusion criteria and randomly divided to three experimental and one control groups. Psychodrama group received 12 sessions of 60 minutes within a period of one and half months, reminiscence group received 10 sessions of 90 minutes within a period of five weeks and REBT group received eight twice a week sessions within a period of one month. Templar’s short psychology and DA questionnaires were used to collect the required data. The results from univariate covariance analysis (ANCOVA) indicated that all three treatments were significantly effective in reducing DA (p < 0.05). Likewise, the results of LSD post hoc test showed the significant difference between psychodrama and reminiscence (p < 0.01) and between psychodrama and REBT (p < 0.01). Though the difference was not significant between reminiscence and REBT in decreasing of DA among elderly (p < 0.01). Hence, psychologists in elderly domain can utilize these interventions, specifically psychodrama, to reduce DA in aged people.

References
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Beauvais, A. M., Özbaş, A. A., & Wheeler, K. (2019). End-of-life psychodrama: Influencing nursing students’ communication skills, attitudes, emotional intelligence and self-reflection. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 10(3), 103-110.
‏Bordbar, F. T., Esmaeili, M., & Asadi, R. (2019). Prediction of death anxiety in the elderly based on personality types and mental health. Aging Psychology, 5 (3), 239-249. [Persian]
Blatner, A. (2007). The role of the meta-role: An integrative element in psychology. In C. Baim, J. Burmeister, & M. Maciel (Eds.), Psychodrama: Advances in theory and practice (pp. 53-65). Routledge.
Bryant, F. B., Smart, C.M., & King, S.P. (2012). Using the past to enhance the present: Boosting happiness through positive reminiscence. Journal of Happiness Studies, 6 (3), 227-260.
Crumb, L. (2019). Integrating feminist narrative therapy, person-centered therapy, and rational emotive behavioral therapy: A short-term case study. International Journal of Integrative Psychotherapy9, 56-72.‏
Felsman, P., Seifert, C.M., & Himle, J.A. (2019). The use of improvisational theater training to reduce social anxiety in adolescents. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 63, 111-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2018.12.001
Furer, P., & Walker, J.R. (2008). Death anxiety: Acognitive-behavioral approach. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 22(2), 167-182.
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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Psychodrama
  • memories
  • behavioral rational emotional therapy
  • death anxiety
  • elderly
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References
Abdollahzadeh, H., & Khabazi, M. (2017). Effectiveness of Integrative Reminiscence on Health anxiety, Death Depression and Perceived Stress in Elderly. Health Psycholigy, 6(22), 101-114. [Persian]
Afshari, A., Rezaei, R.., & Dadras, F. (2019). The effectiveness of structured reminiscence on reducing anxiety and depression in the elderly. Psychology of Aging, 5 (3), 201-215. [Persian]
Amani, R., Majzoobi, M. R., & Hamedani, K. H. (2020). Construction and validation of a questionnaire for the elderly. Psychology of Aging, 5 (4), 333-345. [Persian]
Azeem, F., & Naz, M.A. (2015). Resilience, death anxiety, and depression a mong instionalized and non-institutionzlized elderly. Pakistan journal of psychological research, 30 (1), 111-130.
Barr, P., & Cacciatore, J. (2008). Personal fear of death and grief in bereaved mothers. Death Studies, 32(5),445-460.
Beauvais, A. M., Özbaş, A. A., & Wheeler, K. (2019). End-of-life psychodrama: Influencing nursing students’ communication skills, attitudes, emotional intelligence and self-reflection. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 10(3), 103-110.
‏Bordbar, F. T., Esmaeili, M., & Asadi, R. (2019). Prediction of death anxiety in the elderly based on personality types and mental health.Psychology of Aging, 5 (3), 239-249. [Persian]
Blatner, A. (2007). The role of the meta-role: An integrative element in psychology. In C. Baim, J. Burmeister, & M. Maciel (Eds.), Psychodrama: Advances in theory and practice (pp. 53-65). Routledge.
Bryant, F. B., Smart, C.M., & King, S.P. (2012). Using the past to enhance the present: Boosting happiness through positive reminiscence. Journal of Happiness Studies, 6 (3), 227-260.
Crumb, L. (2019). Integrating feminist narrative therapy, person-centered therapy, and rational emotive behavioral therapy: A short-term case study. International Journal of Integrative Psychotherapy9, 56-72.‏
Felsman, P., Seifert, C.M., & Himle, J.A. (2019). The use of improvisational theater training to reduce social anxiety in adolescents. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 63, 111-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2018.12.001
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