اثربخشی مداخله فعال‌سازی رفتاری بر افزایش رفتارهای خودمراقبتی و امید به زندگی سالمندان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه روانشناسی سلامت، واحد بین المللی کیش، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، جزیره کیش، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه روانشناسی سلامت، دانشکده روانشناسی ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد کرج، کرج، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده روانشناسی،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد کرج، کرج، ایران

چکیده

فرایند پیری بدون شک امری غیر قابل اجتناب است. خودمراقبتی و امید به زندگی از مفاهیم مهم در دوران سالمندی بوده و پیامدهای مطلوبی در تأمین، حفظ و ارتقای سلامت سالمندان دارد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثربخشی مداخله فعال‌سازی رفتاری در افزایش رفتارهای خودمراقبتی و امید به زندگی سالمندان بود. روش پژوهش از نوع نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش آزمون، پس آزمون با گروه کنترل و پیگیری 3 ماهه بود. جامعه آماری تمامی سالمندان بالای 60 سال تهران بود. نمونه مورد مطالعه شامل 24 نفر با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند با توجه به ملاک‌های ورود به مطالعه انتخاب شدند. آنها به طور تصادفی به دو گروه 12 نفره شامل گروه آزمایش و کنترل تقسیم شدند. گروه آزمایش 8 جلسه مداخله فعال‌سازی رفتاری و گروه کنترل هیچ مداخله‌ای دریافت نکرد. ابزار پژوهش، پرسش‌نامه بررسی توانایی خودمراقبتی سالمندان همتی مسلک پاک و پرسش‌نامه امیدبزرگسالان اشنایدر بود. در نهایت داده‌های جمع‌آوری شده با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 22 و در دو سطح آمار توصیفی (میانگین و انحراف استاندارد) و آمار استنباطی (تجزیه و تحلیل کوواریانس تک متغیری) مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج آماری نشان داد که مداخله فعال‌سازی رفتاری در افزایش امید به زندگی سالمندان و افزایش رفتارهای خودمراقبتی آنها اثربخشی معناداری دارد. این نتایج پس از پیگیری 3 ماهه نیز پایدار بود (05/0p <). بنابراین مداخله فعال‌سازی رفتاری می‌تواند به عنوان یکی از مداخلات روان‌شناختی مؤثر در افزایش رفتارهای خودمراقبتی و امید به زندگی سالمندان مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effectiveness of Behavioral Activation Intervention on Increasing Self-Care Behaviors and Life Expectancy in the Elderly

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Naji Esfahani 1
  • Mohammadreza Seirafi 2
  • Adis Kraskian Mujembari 3
1 Department of health psychology, Kish International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kish Island, Iran
2 Assistant professor, Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Branch of Karaj, Karaj, Iran.
3 Assistant professor, Department of psychology, Islamic Azad University, Branch of Karaj, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
The process of aging seems inevitable to all living creatures, including humans. Self-care and life expectancy are two main concepts in aging and have good results in providing, maintaining and promoting elderly health. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of behavioral activation intervention in increasing self-care behaviors and life expectancy in the elderly. A quasi-experimental research method with pretest, posttest and control group with a 3-month follow-up was used in this study. The statistical population of the study included all elderly people over 60 in Tehran. The participants included 24 individuals and were selected through purposive method according to the inclusion criteria. They were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups (n=12). The experimental group received 8 sessions of behavioral activation intervention and the control group did not receive any intervention. Hemmati Maslak Pak's questionnaire on the self-care ability of the elderly and Schneider's life expectancy questionnaire were used to collect the required data. Finally, the collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 22 software in two levels of descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (univariate analysis of covariance). Statistical results showed the significant effectiveness of behavioral activation intervention on increasing the life expectancy of the elderly and increasing their self-care behaviors; these results were consistent after a 3-month follow-up (p < 0.05). According to the findings of the study, behavioral activation intervention can be considered as one of the effective psychological interventions in increasing self-care behaviors and life expectancy in the elderly.

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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • self-care
  • life expectancy
  • behavioral activation
  • aging
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Borhaninejad, V., Mansouri, T., Hoseyni, R., Kojaie bidgoli, A., & Fadayevatan, R. (2017). The relationship between diabetic knowledge and self-care among the Elderly with diabetes Type 2 in Kerman-2016. Journal of Gerontology, 1(3), 1-10. [Persian]
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Chartier, I. S., & Provencher, M. D. (2013). Behavioural activation for depression: Efficacy, effectiveness and dissemination. Journal of Affective Disorders145(3), 292-299.
Chiang, K. J., Chu, H., Chang, H. J., Chung, M. H., Chen, C. H., Chiou, H. Y., & Chou, K. R. (2010). The effects of reminiscence therapy on psychological well‐being, depression, and loneliness among the institutionalized aged. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry: A Journal of the Psychiatry of Late Life and Allied Sciences25(4), 380-388.
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Davies, N. (2011). Promoting healthy ageing: the importance of lifestyle. Nursing Standard25(19), 43-51.
Dimidjian, S., Hollon, S. D., Dobson, K. S., Schmaling, K. B., Kohlenberg, R. J., Addis, M. E., ... & Atkins, D. C. (2006). Randomized Trial of Behavioral Activation, Cognitive Therapy, and Antidepressant Medication in the Acute Treatment of Adults With Major Depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology74(4), 658-670.
Do Valle, C. R., Valle, E., Valle, L., & Fior, C. A. (2013). Quality of life and sleep disorders in elderly. Sleep Medicine14(1), 291-305.
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Feldman, D. B. & Snyder, C. R. (2005). Hope and the meaningful life: Theoretical and empirical associations between goal–directed thinking and life meaning. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24(3), 401-421.
Griffin, B., Loh, V., & Hesketh, B. (2013). A mental model of factors associated with subjective life expectancy. Social Science & Medicine82, 79-86.
Hasson-Ohayon, I., Kravetz, S., Meir, T., & Rozencwaig, S. (2009). Insight into severe mental illness, hope, and quality of life of persons with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders. Psychiatry Research167(3), 231-238.
Hemmati Maslak Pak, & M., Hashemlo, L. (2015). Design and Psychometric Properties of a Self-Care Questionnaire for the Elderly. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing, 10(3), 120-131. [Persian]
Hoseinikhah, M., Manshaee, G., & Ebrahimi, A. (2014). Prediction of Self-care behavior based on Hardiness, Hope and Dysfunction Attitude among patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Research in Behavioral Sciences, 12(2), 217-225. [Persian]
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