اثربخشی حمایت خودمختاری و امیدواری تقویت شده بر یادگیری حرکتی زنان سالمند

موسوی, سیدمحمدرضا; بینا, سرور; زندیه, آرزو; عابدان زاده, رسول

doi:10.22126/jap.2019.4561.1363

اثربخشی حمایت خودمختاری و امیدواری تقویت شده بر یادگیری حرکتی زنان سالمند

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، ایران

² کارشناسی ارشد، گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران

³ کارشناس تربیت بدنی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

⁴ استادیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

10.22126/jap.2019.4561.1363

چکیده

بهبود عملکرد حرکتی سالمندان و شناخت مسائل مربوط به سالمندی برای کمک به بازآموزی مهارت‏ های آموخته شده از چالش‏ های پیشروی هر جامعه ‏ای به شمار می ‏آید. بنابراین هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر حمایت خودمختاری و امیدواری تقویت شده بر یادگیری حرکتی زنان سالمند بود. روش این پژوهش نیمه تجربی با طرح پیش ‏آزمون-پس ‏آزمون همراه با آزمون یادداری بود. از میان کلیه سالمندان زن شهر اندیمشک، 40 زن سالمند (60 الی 80 سال) به صورت در دسترس و بر اساس معیارهای ورود به مطالعه انتخاب شدند. شرکت ‏کنندگان به طور تصادفی در چهار گروه حمایت خودمختاری، امیدواری تقویت شده، حمایت خودمختاری+ امیدواری تقویت شده و کنترل جای گرفتند. تکلیف استفاده شده در این پژوهش شامل پرتاب کیسه ‏های 100 گرمی با دست غیر برتر به سمت هدف تعیین شده بر روی زمین بود. پس از انجام پنج کوشش به عنوان پیش ‏آزمون، شرکت‏ کنندگان در مرحله اکتساب که شامل 6 بلوک 10 کوششی بود، شرکت کردند. پس از 24 ساعت از آخرین بلوک تمرینی، شرکت‏کنندگان در آزمون یادداری (10 کوشش) شرکت کردند. داده‏ ها به وسیله آزمون‏ های تحلیل واریانس یک‏راهه و مرکب در سطح معناداری 05/0≥P و با استفاده از نرمافزار SPSS نسخه 16 انجام شد. نتایج حاکی از آن بود که همه گروه‏ ها در مرحله اکتساب و در طول بلوک‏ های تمرینی پیشرفت معناداری در عملکرد خود داشتند (05/0≥P) اما اثر گروه معنادار نبود (05/0≤P). گروه حمایت خودمختاری+ امیدواری تقویت شده نیز توانست در مرحله یادداری بهترین عملکرد را به نمایش بگذارد (05/0≥P). به کاردرمانان، مربیان و کلیه افرادی که با سالمندان در ارتباط هستند پیشنهاد می ‏شود برای بهبود یادگیری و عملکرد حرکتی سالمندان از این عوامل انگیزشی تأثیرگذار استفاده کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effectiveness of Autonomy Support and Enhancing Expediencies on Motor Learning in the Elderly Women

نویسندگان [English]

Seyed mohammadreza Mousavi ¹
Soroor Bina ²
Arezoo Zandieh ³
Rasool Abedanzadeh ⁴

¹ Department of motor behavior, faculty of sport Science, Shahid Chamran University of ahvaz, iran

² 2. M.A. at Motor Behavior, Sport Sciences Faculty, Allameh Tabataba'i University of Tehrn, Tehran, Iran

³ 3. Undergraduate Student, Sport Sciences Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

⁴ Assistant Professor at Motor Behavior, Sport Sciences Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Improving motor performance in elderly and distinguishing their condition to retrain skills is one of the challenges that any community faces. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of autonomy support and enhancing expectancies on motor learning in elderly women. It was a semi-experimental study was including pretest and posttest design with retention test. 40 women were selected among all elderly women in Andimeshk according to inclusion criteria and availability, with the age range of 60 to 80. Samples were randomly divided into four groups as autonomy support, enhancing expectancies, autonomy support and enhancing expectancies, and control. Participants were required to throw bags (100 g) with their non-dominant arm at a specific target on the ground. After five throws as a pretest, all participants performed 6 phases of 10 trials in the acquisition phase. 24 hours after the acquisition stage, participants attended retention test (with 10 trials) to check learning effects on them. To analyzing data, one way and multiple variance analyses were conducted using SPSS16 at significance level P≤0.05. The results showed that in acquisition and training phases, all groups significantly increased their accuracy (P≤0.05), though difference among groups was not meaningful (P≥0.05). Also, results detected better performance of autonomy support and enhancing expectancies group in retention phase (P≤0.05). Therefore, motor therapists, coaches, and all those associated with the elderly were suggested to use influencing factors to improve elders learning and motor performance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Elderly
self-determination theory
enhancing expectancies
motor learning

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