The Effectiveness of a Period of Brain Gym Exercises on the Balance and Inhibitory Control in the Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Motor Behavior, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

Abstract

Aging causes physical and cognitive impairment, which in turn, interfere with the aged people’s health. As a common complication in the elderly, cognitive impairment has attracted the attention of many specialists. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of a period of brain gym exercises on the balance and inhibitory control in the elderly with mild ‌cognitive impairment. This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group design. The statistical population of this study consisted of all the elderly with mild cognitive impairment living in Urmia, Iran in 2020. The sample included 30 elderly with mild cognitive impairment, aged from 60 to 80 years (77.69±1.98‌), selected using convenience sampling method and according to the inclusion criteria, and assigned randomly into two groups of experimental and control with 15 members each. To evaluate the balance‌ ‌and inhibitory control in pre-test and post-test, participants were instructed to perform the Mathias et al.’s Timed Up and Go (TUG), and Hoffman’s Go/No Go‌ test. The experimental group were asked to perform three 30-minute sessions of Dennison and Dennison’s brain gym exercises a week for eight weeks. The data were analyzed using the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS-24. The results indicated that after controlling of the pre-test scores, there was a significant difference between the control and experimental groups in terms of Timed Up and Go and inhibitory control ‌(P=0.001). Based on the findings of the current study, due to the ease of implementation of brain gym exercises, they can be used by sports and rehabilitation Coaches in order to improve the balance‌ and inhibitory ‌control of the elderly with ‌cognitive impairment‌.
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Keywords


References
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Cassilhas, R. C., Viana, V. A., Grassmann, V., Santos, R. T, Santos, R. F. Tufik, S., Santos, R. F., Tufik, S., & Mello, M. T. (2007). The impact of resistance exercise on the cognitive function of the elderly. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 39(8), 1401-1407. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e318060111f
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Dini Mei, W. S., Kep, N. S., & Kep, M. (2017). The Effect of brain gym on cognitive function of the elderly in Surabaya. Proceeding of Surabaya International Health Conference July, 13-14.
Doumas, M., Smolders C., & Krampe, R. (2008). Task prioritization in aging: Effects of sensory Information on concurrent posture and memory performance. Experimental Brain Research, 187(2), 275-281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-008 1302-3
Ebrahimi, S., Rashidy-Pour, A., Vafaei, A., Mohammad Akhavan, M., & Haghighi, S. (2010). Influence of basolateral amygdala lesion on the inhibitory effects of propranolol on voluntary exercise- induced enhancement of learning and memory. Koomesh, 11(2), 133-141.
Farsi, A., Ashayeri, H., & Mohammadzadeh, S. (2015). The Effect of six weeks balance training program on kinematic of walking in women elderly people. Salmand, 9(4), 278-287.
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S., & Me Hugh, P. R. (1975). Mini-mental state": A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinicians. Journal of Psychiatric Research,12,189-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/00223956(75)90026-6.
Friedman NP, Miyake A. (2004). The relations among inhibition and interference control functions: a latentvariable analysis, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 133(1), 101-35. https://doi.org/10.1037/00963445.133.1.101
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Goldstein, S., & Naglieri, J. A. (2014). Handbook of Executive Functioning. Springer, New York: Heidelberg DordrechtLondon. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8106-5_4
Golzari, Z., Parsa Ziabari, H., & Rostami pour, M. (2019). The effect of mind-body training with cognitive-motor approach on executive functions of elderly with cognitive processing disorder. Journal of Motor and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 169-176.
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