The Effectiveness of Solution-focused Coaching on Wisdom and Resilience in Elderly and Middle-Aged Women

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Dept. of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, I. R. Iran

Abstract

The end of each period of life and the beginning of a new period of it brings many challenges. Integrity against despair is one of the basic crises of the elderly and people on the threshold of old age, which can be solved by increasing wisdom and resilience. Therefore, it seems necessary to carry out some interventions with the aim of improving wisdom and resilience. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of solution-focused coaching (SFC) on the wisdom and resilience of elderly and middle-aged women. This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of the research included all elderly and middle-aged women clients of welfare centers and counseling centers in Isfahan, Iran in the fall of 2022. The sample consisted of 32 elderly and middle-aged women with an average age of 61.8 years in the experimental group and 62.1 in the control group, selected based on convenience sampling method and inclusion and exclusion criteria, and were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The research measures were Ardelt’s Wisdom Questionnaire as well as Connor-Davidson Resilience Questionnaire. Participants in the experimental group underwent eight 60-minute sessions of SFC, and the control group did not receive any intervention in the same time. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS-22 software. The results revealed that SFC increases wisdom and resilience of elderly and middle-aged women (P<0.05). Based on the results, it is recommended that counselors and psychologists take advantages of SFC in order to increase the resilience and wisdom of elderly and middle-aged women along with other methods.    

Keywords

 

References

Ahmadi, Z., Bezazian, S., Tajri, B., & Rajab, A. (2022). Comparison of the effectiveness of laughter therapy and group solution-oriented therapy on life expectancy, search for meaning, self-compassion and blood sugar reduction in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. Community Health, 8(2), 209-220. https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/ch/index.php/ch/article/view/28498 [Persian]

Ardell, A. J., & Prikhodko, S. V. (2003). Coarsening of γ′ in Ni–Al alloys aged under uniaxial compression: II. Diffusion under stress and retardation of coarsening kinetics. Acta Materialia, 51(17), 5013-5019. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00327-6

Ardelt, M. (2003). Empirical assessment of a three-dimensional wisdom scale. Research on Aging, 25(3), 275-324. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0164027503025003004

Baldwin, P., King, G., Evans, J., McDougall, S., Tucker, M. A., & Servais, M. (2013). Solution-focused coaching in pediatric rehabilitation: an integrated model for practice. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 33(4), 467-483.‏ https://doi.org/10.3109/01942638.2013.784718 

Bijaeyeh, J. S. A., Majdi, M. A., Ghamari, M., & Aghdam, G. F. (2021). The Effectiveness of the self-compassion training on life satisfaction and resilience in the elderly women. Aging Psychology, 7(1). [Persian] https://journals.razi.ac.ir/article_1732_aa172b4656f2cfe436ec576321091d83.pdf

Cavallo, C., Sacchi, G., & Carfora, V. (2020). Resilience effects in food consumption behaviour at the time of Covid-19: Perspectives from Italy. Heliyon, 6(12), Article e05676.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05676

Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76-82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113‏

Corcoran, J., & Pillai, V. (2009). A review of the research on solution-focused therapy. British Journal of Social Work, 39(2), 234-242.‏ https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcm098

De Shazer, S., Berg, I. K., Lipchik, E. V. E., Nunnally, E., Molnar, A., Gingerich, W., & Weiner‐Davis, M. (1986). Brief therapy: Focused solution development. Family Process, 25(2), 207-221.‏ https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1986.00207.x

De Shazer, S., Dolan, Y., Korman, H., Trepper, T., McCollum, E., & Berg, I. K. (2021). More than miracles: The State of the art of solution-focused brief therapy. Routledge, 3, 131-142.‏ https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6427.2008.00419_4.x

Fletcher, S. K. (2004). Religion and life meaning: Differentiating between religious beliefs and religious community in constructing life meaning. Journal of Aging Studies, 18(2), 171-185.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2004.01.005

Fofana, N. K., Latif, F., Sarfraz, S., Bashir, M. F., & Komal, B. (2020). Fear and agony of the pandemic leading to stress and mental illness: an emerging crisis in the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Psychiatry Research, 29)1(, 113-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113230

Fu, X., Sun, N., Xu, F., Li, J., Tang, Q., He, J., ... & Sun, C. (2018). Influencing factors of inequity in health services utilization among the elderly in China. International Journal for Equity in Health, 17, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-018-0861-6

Glück, J., Weststrate, N. M., & Scherpf, A. (2022). Looking beyond linear: A closer examination of the relationship between wisdom and wellbeing. Journal of Happiness Studies, 23(7), 3285-3313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-022-00540-3

Grant, A. M. (2006). A personal perspective on professional coaching and the development of coaching psychology. International Coaching Psychology Review, 1(1), 12-22. http://phd.meghan-smith.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/1-Strengths-coaching.pdf#page=14‏

Kourayem, M. A., & Mahmoodinia, S. (2021). The Quality of Life in the Elderly: The Role of Resiliency and Mindfulness. Aging       Psychology, 7(2), 167-179. https://jap.razi.ac.ir/m/article_1810_c61ad4006443c836f3b0c96b4006663d.pdf?lang=en [Persian]

Manyena, S. B. (2006). The concept of resilience revisited. Disasters, 30(4), 434-450.‏ https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0361-3666.2006.00331.x

Moradi, SH., & GHodrati Mirkhoshi, M. (2020). Comparing the Role of Hope and Resilience in Predicting life Satisfaction in Older Adults. Journal of Gerontology (JOGE), 5(1), 71-81. https://sid.ir/paper/383415/en [Persian]

O’Connell, B., & Palmer, S. (2018). Solution-focused coaching. Handbook of Coaching Psychology (pp. 270-281). Routledge.‏ https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315758510-11/cognitive-behavioural-coaching-stephen-palmer-kasia-szymanska

Rabiei, L., Mostafavi, F., Masoudi, R., & Hassanzadeh, A. (2013). The effect of family-based intervention on empowerment of the elders. Journal of education and health promotion, 2(1), 24.‏ https://www.jehp.net/article.asp?issn=2277-9531;year=2013;volume=2;issue=1;spage=24;epage=24;aulast=Rabiei [Persian]

Rahimian Boogar, E., & Asgharnejad Farid, A. A. (2008). The Relationship between psychological hardiness also ego-resiliency and mental health in adolescent and adult survivors of Bam earthquake. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 14(1), 62-70. http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-416-fa.html [Persian] 

Samakoush, A. N., & Yousefi, N. (2022). The Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on death anxiety, happiness and resilience in the elderly. Aging Psychology, 8(2), 149-161. [Persian] https://jap.razi.ac.ir/article_2221_75c155afd524059fc0718ba3d373a256.pdf?lang=en

Samani, S., Jokar, B., & Sahragard, N. (2007). Effects of resilience on mental health and life satisfaction. Iranian Journal of psychiatry and clinical psychology, 13(3), 290-295.‏ http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-275-en.html [Persian]

Schwellnus, H., King, G., Baldwin, P., Keenan, S., & Hartman, L. R. (2020). A solution-focused coaching intervention with children and youth with cerebral palsy to achieve participation-oriented goals. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 40(4), 423-440.‏ https://doi.org/10.1080/01942638.2020.1711841

Seligman, M. E., & Pawelski, J. O. (2003). Positive psychology: FAQS. Psychological Inquiry, 2(2003), 159-163.‏ https://www.jstor.org/stable/1449825

Sepehrian azar, F., & Sattari, F. (2016). Investigate the Canonical relationship between Dimension of wisdom and identity styles. The Journal of New Thoughts on Education, 12(2), 95-114. https://doi.10.22051/jontoe.2016.2392 [Persian]

Sternberg, R., & Jordan, J. (Eds.). (2005). A handbook of wisdom: Psychological perspectives. Cambridge University Press.‏ https://books.google.com/books/publisher/content?id

Wang, M. C. (1997). Next steps in inner-city education: Focusing on resilience development and learning success. Education and Urban Society, 29(3), 255-276.‏ https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124597029003002

Webster, J. D., Westerhof, G. J., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2014). Wisdom and mental health across the lifespan. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 69(2), 209-218.‏ https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbs121

White, B., Driver, S., & Warren, A. M. (2010). Resilience and indicators of adjustment during rehabilitation from a spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 55(1), 23-32.‏ https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0018451

Wong, L. H., Chan, F. W., Wong, F. Y., Wong, E. L., Huen, K. F., Yeoh, E. K., & Fok, T. F. (2010). Transition care for adolescents and families with chronic illnesses. Journal of Adolescent Health, 47(6), 540-546.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.04.002

Wood, S. K., & Bhatnagar, S. (2015). Resilience to the effects of social stress: Evidence from clinical and preclinical studies on the role of coping strategies. Neurobiology of stress, 1, 164-173.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynstr.2014.11.002

References

References
Ahmadi, Z., Bezazian, S., Tajri, B., & Rajab, A. (2022). Comparison of the effectiveness of laughter therapy and group solution-oriented therapy on life expectancy, search for meaning, self-compassion and blood sugar reduction in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. Community Health, 8(2), 209-220. https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/ch/index.php/ch/article/view/28498 [Persian]
Ardell, A. J., & Prikhodko, S. V. (2003). Coarsening of γ′ in Ni–Al alloys aged under uniaxial compression: II. Diffusion under stress and retardation of coarsening kinetics. Acta Materialia, 51(17), 5013-5019. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00327-6
Ardelt, M. (2003). Empirical assessment of a three-dimensional wisdom scale. Research on Aging, 25(3), 275-324. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0164027503025003004
Baldwin, P., King, G., Evans, J., McDougall, S., Tucker, M. A., & Servais, M. (2013). Solution-focused coaching in pediatric rehabilitation: an integrated model for practice. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 33(4), 467-483.‏ https://doi.org/10.3109/01942638.2013.784718 
Bijaeyeh, J. S. A., Majdi, M. A., Ghamari, M., & Aghdam, G. F. (2021). The Effectiveness of the self-compassion training on life satisfaction and resilience in the elderly women. Aging Psychology, 7(1). [Persian] https://journals.razi.ac.ir/article_1732_aa172b4656f2cfe436ec576321091d83.pdf
Cavallo, C., Sacchi, G., & Carfora, V. (2020). Resilience effects in food consumption behaviour at the time of Covid-19: Perspectives from Italy. Heliyon, 6(12), Article e05676.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05676
Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76-82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113‏
Corcoran, J., & Pillai, V. (2009). A review of the research on solution-focused therapy. British Journal of Social Work, 39(2), 234-242.‏ https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcm098
De Shazer, S., Berg, I. K., Lipchik, E. V. E., Nunnally, E., Molnar, A., Gingerich, W., & Weiner‐Davis, M. (1986). Brief therapy: Focused solution development. Family Process, 25(2), 207-221.‏ https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1986.00207.x
De Shazer, S., Dolan, Y., Korman, H., Trepper, T., McCollum, E., & Berg, I. K. (2021). More than miracles: The State of the art of solution-focused brief therapy. Routledge, 3, 131-142.‏ https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6427.2008.00419_4.x
Fletcher, S. K. (2004). Religion and life meaning: Differentiating between religious beliefs and religious community in constructing life meaning. Journal of Aging Studies, 18(2), 171-185.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2004.01.005
Fofana, N. K., Latif, F., Sarfraz, S., Bashir, M. F., & Komal, B. (2020). Fear and agony of the pandemic leading to stress and mental illness: an emerging crisis in the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Psychiatry Research, 29)1(, 113-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113230
Fu, X., Sun, N., Xu, F., Li, J., Tang, Q., He, J., ... & Sun, C. (2018). Influencing factors of inequity in health services utilization among the elderly in China. International Journal for Equity in Health, 17, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-018-0861-6
Glück, J., Weststrate, N. M., & Scherpf, A. (2022). Looking beyond linear: A closer examination of the relationship between wisdom and wellbeing. Journal of Happiness Studies, 23(7), 3285-3313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-022-00540-3
Grant, A. M. (2006). A personal perspective on professional coaching and the development of coaching psychology. International Coaching Psychology Review, 1(1), 12-22. http://phd.meghan-smith.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/1-Strengths-coaching.pdf#page=14‏
Kourayem, M. A., & Mahmoodinia, S. (2021). The Quality of Life in the Elderly: The Role of Resiliency and Mindfulness. Aging       Psychology, 7(2), 167-179. https://jap.razi.ac.ir/m/article_1810_c61ad4006443c836f3b0c96b4006663d.pdf?lang=en [Persian]
Manyena, S. B. (2006). The concept of resilience revisited. Disasters, 30(4), 434-450.‏ https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0361-3666.2006.00331.x
Moradi, SH., & GHodrati Mirkhoshi, M. (2020). Comparing the Role of Hope and Resilience in Predicting life Satisfaction in Older Adults. Journal of Gerontology (JOGE), 5(1), 71-81. https://sid.ir/paper/383415/en [Persian]
O’Connell, B., & Palmer, S. (2018). Solution-focused coaching. Handbook of Coaching Psychology (pp. 270-281). Routledge.‏ https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315758510-11/cognitive-behavioural-coaching-stephen-palmer-kasia-szymanska
Rabiei, L., Mostafavi, F., Masoudi, R., & Hassanzadeh, A. (2013). The effect of family-based intervention on empowerment of the elders. Journal of education and health promotion, 2(1), 24.‏ https://www.jehp.net/article.asp?issn=2277-9531;year=2013;volume=2;issue=1;spage=24;epage=24;aulast=Rabiei [Persian]
Rahimian Boogar, E., & Asgharnejad Farid, A. A. (2008). The Relationship between psychological hardiness also ego-resiliency and mental health in adolescent and adult survivors of Bam earthquake. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 14(1), 62-70. http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-416-fa.html [Persian] 
Samakoush, A. N., & Yousefi, N. (2022). The Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on death anxiety, happiness and resilience in the elderly. Aging Psychology, 8(2), 149-161. [Persian] https://jap.razi.ac.ir/article_2221_75c155afd524059fc0718ba3d373a256.pdf?lang=en
Samani, S., Jokar, B., & Sahragard, N. (2007). Effects of resilience on mental health and life satisfaction. Iranian Journal of psychiatry and clinical psychology, 13(3), 290-295.‏ http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-275-en.html [Persian]
Schwellnus, H., King, G., Baldwin, P., Keenan, S., & Hartman, L. R. (2020). A solution-focused coaching intervention with children and youth with cerebral palsy to achieve participation-oriented goals. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 40(4), 423-440.‏ https://doi.org/10.1080/01942638.2020.1711841
Seligman, M. E., & Pawelski, J. O. (2003). Positive psychology: FAQS. Psychological Inquiry, 2(2003), 159-163.‏ https://www.jstor.org/stable/1449825
Sepehrian azar, F., & Sattari, F. (2016). Investigate the Canonical relationship between Dimension of wisdom and identity styles. The Journal of New Thoughts on Education, 12(2), 95-114. https://doi.10.22051/jontoe.2016.2392 [Persian]
Sternberg, R., & Jordan, J. (Eds.). (2005). A handbook of wisdom: Psychological perspectives. Cambridge University Press.‏ https://books.google.com/books/publisher/content?id
Wang, M. C. (1997). Next steps in inner-city education: Focusing on resilience development and learning success. Education and Urban Society, 29(3), 255-276.‏ https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124597029003002
Webster, J. D., Westerhof, G. J., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2014). Wisdom and mental health across the lifespan. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 69(2), 209-218.‏ https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbs121
White, B., Driver, S., & Warren, A. M. (2010). Resilience and indicators of adjustment during rehabilitation from a spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 55(1), 23-32.‏ https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0018451
Wong, L. H., Chan, F. W., Wong, F. Y., Wong, E. L., Huen, K. F., Yeoh, E. K., & Fok, T. F. (2010). Transition care for adolescents and families with chronic illnesses. Journal of Adolescent Health, 47(6), 540-546.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.04.002
Wood, S. K., & Bhatnagar, S. (2015). Resilience to the effects of social stress: Evidence from clinical and preclinical studies on the role of coping strategies. Neurobiology of stress, 1, 164-173.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynstr.2014.11.002
Aging Psychology
Volume 9, Issue 1
May 2023
Pages 44-33

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History

  • Receive Date: 24 March 2023
  • Revise Date: 24 April 2023
  • Accept Date: 04 May 2023

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