The Effectiveness of Self-Healing Education on the Quality of Life in the Elderly

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Isfahan, Iran

10.22126/jap.2022.6911.1561

Abstract

The successful elderly seems to be one of the main concepts in gerontology. The elderly is a biological process experienced by all living beings, including humans. The quality of life may affect the elderly’s health. Accordingly, the current study was to determine the effectiveness of self-healing training on the quality of life among the elderly in 2020. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included all women living in a nursing homes in Isfahan, Iran, among whom 40 were selected using convenience sampling and according to the inclusion criteria, by a public call in the mentioned boarding nursing homes, and assigned randomely into two groups (20 members each). The measure applied in the present study was Ware and Sherbourne’s quality of life questionnaire. Latifi and Marvi’s self-healing training was performed for the experimental group during twelve 60-minute sessions. Data were analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) by using SPSS-24 software. The results demonstrated that self-healing training had positive effects on the components of quality of life (including physical function, role limitation due to physical reasons, energy and vitality, emotional well-being, physical pain and general health) in the experimental group compared to the control group significantly in the post-test (p<0.05) and these effects had remained significantly constant in the follow-up phase (p<0.05). However, there was found no significant difference in the other components of quality of life (including limitation of role playing due to emotional reasons and social functioning), both in the posttest and follow-up stages (p>0.05). According to the results of the present study, it can be mentioned that the self-healing approach improves the quality of life and increases the elderly’s general health by reducing the physiological stress through methods of treating destructive cellular memories, improving lifestyle and teaching relaxation techniques.
References
Ahmadi, V., Valizadeh, H. (2021). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy on the quality of life and death anxiety in the elderly. Aging Psychology, 7(2), 153-166. [Persian]
Enette, L., Vogel, T., Fanon, J. L., & Lang, P. O. (2017). Effect of interval and continuous aerobic training on basal serum and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor values in seniors: a systematic review of intervention studies. Rejuvenation Research, 20(6), 473-483.
Esmaeilishad, B. (2020). The effectiveness of self-care training on quality of life, self-care behaviors and blood sugar in elderly without self-care behaviors. Aging Psychology, 6(1), 1-11. [Persian]
Esmaeili, R., & Esmaeili, M. (2018). Quality of life in the elderly: A meta-synthesis. Journal of Pizhūhish Dar dīn Va Salāmat (i.E., Research on Religion & Health)4(2), 105-116. [Persian]
Ghadampour, E., & Moshrefi, S. (2017). Relationship between spiritual health, mental well-being and quality of life with death anxiety in the elderly. Aging Psychology, 3(2), 97-106. [Persian]
Gurung, S., & Ghimire, S. (2014). Role of family in elderly care. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
Habibzadeh, H., Jafarizadeh, H., Mohammadpoor, Y., Kiani, P., Lak, K., & Bahrechi, A. A. (2009). Survey on quality of life in hemodialysis patient care givers. Nursing & Midwifery Journal, 7(3), 128-135.
Hamid, N., Vatankhah, M., & Mehrabizadeh-Honarmad, M. (2013). The efficacy of quality-of-life group training on happiness and vitality of aged men. Studies in Medical Sciences Journal, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, 24(10), 800-811. [Persian]
Irani, Z., latifi, Z., & Soltanizadeh, M. (2021). The effectiveness of self-healing training (the healing codes) on the sense of cohesion in substance-dependent males. Journal of Etiadpajohi, 15(61), 261-282. [Persian]
Irani, Z., Latifi, Z., & Soltanizadeh, M. (2020). The effect of self-healing training on psychological empowerment of drug-addicted men. Journal of Counter-Narcotics Studies, 12(47), 37-58. [Persian]
Karimpour, J. (2014). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program on quality of life, perceived stress and psychological well-being of cardiovascular patients. Completion of Master of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Campus (Hormozgan). [Persian]
Kim, C., Park, H., Schlenk, E. A., Kang, S., & Seo, E. J. (2019). The moderating role of acculturation mode on the relationship between depressive symptoms and health related quality of life among international students in Korea. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 33(6), 192-197.
Latifi, Z., Gharaghani, R., & Mardani, Z. (2020). The effectiveness of self-healing training on lifestyle and symptom management in women with hypertension. Health Research Journal, 6(1), 66-77. [Persian]
Latifi, Z., Shafie, L., & Soltanizadeh, M. (2021). The effectiveness of self-healing training on job burnout, quality of life, and emotional flexibility in Isfahan's social emergency personnel. Journal of Ebnesina, 23(2), 36-47. [Persian]
Latifi, Z., & Marvi, M. (2020). Healing in the treatment room: A guide for psychologists and counselors to apply the healing code approach to education. Tehran: Payam-e-Noor University. [Persian]
Linge, A. D., Bjørkly, S. K., Jensen, C., & Hasle, B. (2021). Bandura’s self-efficacy model used to explore participants’ experiences of health, lifestyle, and work after attending a vocational rehabilitation program with lifestyle intervention-A focus group study. Journal of Multidiscipline Health care, 14, 3533-3548.
Loyd, A. & Johnson, B. (2011). The healing codes. Grand central life & style. Hachette book group.
Loyd, A., & Johnson, B. (2010). Healing codes guide: unlocking the cellular chain of life. Translated by Mahdi Marvi & Zohreh Latifi, Isfahan, Publication: Orouj. [Persian]
Majzoobi, M., Momeni, K., Amani, R., & Hojjat Khah, M. (2012). The effectiveness of structured group reminiscence on the enhancement of the elders’ life quality and happiness. Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9(34), 182-202. [Persian]
Marsa, R., Bahmani, B., & Barekati, S. (2020). Demoralization syndrome in elderly people living in nursing homes, community-dwelling elderly people and those receiving day care services from rehabilitation centers. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing, 14(4), 436-449. [Persian]
Mokhtari Dizaji, F., & Sohrabi, F. (2018). The efficacy of quality-of-life group training on vitality of aged. Clinical Psychology Studies, 8(32), 29-47. [Persian]
Motamedi, A., Mostafapour, V., & Farokhi, H. (2018). The effectiveness of hope group therapy on enhancement of happiness and quality of life in elderly women. Aging Psychology, 3(4), 243-252. [Persian]
Nejat, S., Montazeri, A., Holakouie-Naieni, K., Mohammad, K., & Majdzadeh, S. (2006). The world health organization quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire: Translation and validation study of the Iranian version. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, 4(4), 1-12. [Persian]
Shahbazi, N., & Latifi, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of training of self-healing (healing codes) on depression, severity of pain perception & pain-related anxiety in chronic headache patients. Qquarterly Journal of Health Psychology, 9(35), 113-132. [Persian]
Shamsi, N. (2019). The relationship between psychological toughness and quality of life with death anxiety in the elderly. Iranian Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 17, 21-15. [Persian]
Sharifi Fardshad, M., Bahrami Hidaji, M., Sodagar, S., Hassani Abharian, P., & Malihialzackerini, S. (2021). Causal model of the anticipation of quality of life based on activity of daily living and social capital in the elderly: The mediating role of self-care. Aging Psychology, 7(3), 301-315. [Persian]
Skandari, H., Gatezadeh, A., Borjali, A., Sohrabi, F. N. (2017). Explanation of depression on lifestyle through the mediation of social health and quality of life in adults of Ahwaz. Counseling Culture and Psycotherapy, 8(31), 1-21. [Persian]
Soltani, M., Latifi, Z., & Moosavi, S. (2020). The efect of self-healing education on self-compassion, body image concern and improvement of disease process in suffering from skin cancers. Journal of Dermatology & Cosmetic, 10(4), 222-234. [Persian]
Teasdale, M. R. (2016). Quality of life and mission. Missiology: An International Review, 44(3), 269-280.
Tsai, S. Y., Chi, L. Y., Lee, L. S., & Chou, P. (2004). Health related quality of life among urban, rural, and island community elderly in Taiwan. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 3, 196-204.
Ware, J. E., & Sherbourne, C. D. (1992). The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care, 30, 473-483.
Wu, Y. C., Hsu, H. I., Tung, H. H., Pan, S. J., & Lin, S. W. (2021). Psychometric properties of the self-healing assessment scale for community-dwelling older adults. Healthcare, 9, 484.
Yousefi Afrashteh, M., & Rezaei, S. (2021). The spirituality and quality of life in the elderly: the mediating role of self-compassion and sense of cohesion. Aging Psychology, 7(2), 137-151. [Persian]
Zabet, M., Momeni, K., & Karami, J. (2015). The effectiveness of quality of life therapy on positive and negative affect in elderly women. Aging Psychology, 1(2), 73-80. [Persian]
Zahmatkeshan, N., Bagherzadeh, R., Akaberian, S. H., Yazdankhah Fard, M., Mirzaei, K., Yazdanpanah, S., Khorram Roudi, R., Gharibi, T., Kamali Dasharzhani, F., & Vajmand, T. (2012). Study of quality of life and related aspects of it in the elderly in Boushehr. Journal of Fasa University of Medical Sciences, 2(1), 53-58. [Persian]
Zamanigharaghoosh, F., Latifi, Z., & Sharifi Isfahani, M. (2021). The effect of self- healing training on stress, death anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 9(3), 83-95. [Persian]
Zarabi, S., Tabatabaei-Nejad, F. S., & Latifi, Z. (2021). Comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and self-healing therapy on the distress tolerance of women with bulimia nervosa. Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences, 19(2), 369-380. [Persian]
Zarean, F., & Latifi, Z. (2021). Effects of self-healing intervention on quality of life and mother-child interaction among female breadwinners. Journal of Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 43, 101334.
Zarean, F., & Latifi, Z. (2020). The effectiveness of self-healing (the healing codes) training on psychological capital and distress tolerance in women with addicted husbands. Current Psychology, 39(3), 1936-4733.
Zarean, F., Latifi, Z., & Mirmahdi, S. R. (2020). The effectiveness of self-healing training on psychological capital, distress tolerance, and headache of addicts’ spouses. Journal of Etiadpajohi, 14(55), 193-212. [Persian]

Keywords


References
Ahmadi, V., Valizadeh, H. (2021). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy on the quality of life and death anxiety in the elderly. Aging Psychology, 7(2), 153-166. [Persian]
Enette, L., Vogel, T., Fanon, J. L., & Lang, P. O. (2017). Effect of interval and continuous aerobic training on basal serum and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor values in seniors: a systematic review of intervention studies. Rejuvenation Research, 20(6), 473-483.
Esmaeilishad, B. (2020). The effectiveness of self-care training on quality of life, self-care behaviors and blood sugar in elderly without self-care behaviors. Aging Psychology, 6(1), 1-11. [Persian]
Esmaeili, R., & Esmaeili, M. (2018). Quality of life in the elderly: A meta-synthesis. Journal of Pizhūhish Dar dīn Va Salāmat (i.E., Research on Religion & Health)4(2), 105-116. [Persian]
Ghadampour, E., & Moshrefi, S. (2017). Relationship between spiritual health, mental well-being and quality of life with death anxiety in the elderly. Aging Psychology, 3(2), 97-106. [Persian]
Gurung, S., & Ghimire, S. (2014). Role of family in elderly care. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
Habibzadeh, H., Jafarizadeh, H., Mohammadpoor, Y., Kiani, P., Lak, K., & Bahrechi, A. A. (2009). Survey on quality of life in hemodialysis patient care givers. Nursing & Midwifery Journal, 7(3), 128-135.
Hamid, N., Vatankhah, M., & Mehrabizadeh-Honarmad, M. (2013). The efficacy of quality-of-life group training on happiness and vitality of aged men. Studies in Medical Sciences Journal, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, 24(10), 800-811. [Persian]
Irani, Z., latifi, Z., & Soltanizadeh, M. (2021). The effectiveness of self-healing training (the healing codes) on the sense of cohesion in substance-dependent males. Journal of Etiadpajohi, 15(61), 261-282. [Persian]
Irani, Z., Latifi, Z., & Soltanizadeh, M. (2020). The effect of self-healing training on psychological empowerment of drug-addicted men. Journal of Counter-Narcotics Studies, 12(47), 37-58. [Persian]
Karimpour, J. (2014). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program on quality of life, perceived stress and psychological well-being of cardiovascular patients. Completion of Master of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Campus (Hormozgan). [Persian]
Kim, C., Park, H., Schlenk, E. A., Kang, S., & Seo, E. J. (2019). The moderating role of acculturation mode on the relationship between depressive symptoms and health related quality of life among international students in Korea. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 33(6), 192-197.
Latifi, Z., Gharaghani, R., & Mardani, Z. (2020). The effectiveness of self-healing training on lifestyle and symptom management in women with hypertension. Health Research Journal, 6(1), 66-77. [Persian]
Latifi, Z., Shafie, L., & Soltanizadeh, M. (2021). The effectiveness of self-healing training on job burnout, quality of life, and emotional flexibility in Isfahan's social emergency personnel. Journal of Ebnesina, 23(2), 36-47. [Persian]
Latifi, Z., & Marvi, M. (2020). Healing in the treatment room: A guide for psychologists and counselors to apply the healing code approach to education. Tehran: Payam-e-Noor University. [Persian]
Linge, A. D., Bjørkly, S. K., Jensen, C., & Hasle, B. (2021). Bandura’s self-efficacy model used to explore participants’ experiences of health, lifestyle, and work after attending a vocational rehabilitation program with lifestyle intervention-A focus group study. Journal of Multidiscipline Health care, 14, 3533-3548.
Loyd, A. & Johnson, B. (2011). The healing codes. Grand central life & style. Hachette book group.
Loyd, A., & Johnson, B. (2010). Healing codes guide: unlocking the cellular chain of life. Translated by Mahdi Marvi & Zohreh Latifi, Isfahan, Publication: Orouj. [Persian]
Majzoobi, M., Momeni, K., Amani, R., & Hojjat Khah, M. (2012). The effectiveness of structured group reminiscence on the enhancement of the elders’ life quality and happiness. Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9(34), 182-202. [Persian]
Marsa, R., Bahmani, B., & Barekati, S. (2020). Demoralization syndrome in elderly people living in nursing homes, community-dwelling elderly people and those receiving day care services from rehabilitation centers. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing, 14(4), 436-449. [Persian]
Mokhtari Dizaji, F., & Sohrabi, F. (2018). The efficacy of quality-of-life group training on vitality of aged. Clinical Psychology Studies, 8(32), 29-47. [Persian]
Motamedi, A., Mostafapour, V., & Farokhi, H. (2018). The effectiveness of hope group therapy on enhancement of happiness and quality of life in elderly women. Aging Psychology, 3(4), 243-252. [Persian]
Nejat, S., Montazeri, A., Holakouie-Naieni, K., Mohammad, K., & Majdzadeh, S. (2006). The world health organization quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire: Translation and validation study of the Iranian version. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, 4(4), 1-12. [Persian]
Shahbazi, N., & Latifi, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of training of self-healing (healing codes) on depression, severity of pain perception & pain-related anxiety in chronic headache patients. Qquarterly Journal of Health Psychology, 9(35), 113-132. [Persian]
Shamsi, N. (2019). The relationship between psychological toughness and quality of life with death anxiety in the elderly. Iranian Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 17, 21-15. [Persian]
Sharifi Fardshad, M., Bahrami Hidaji, M., Sodagar, S., Hassani Abharian, P., & Malihialzackerini, S. (2021). Causal model of the anticipation of quality of life based on activity of daily living and social capital in the elderly: The mediating role of self-care. Aging Psychology, 7(3), 301-315. [Persian]
Skandari, H., Gatezadeh, A., Borjali, A., Sohrabi, F. N. (2017). Explanation of depression on lifestyle through the mediation of social health and quality of life in adults of Ahwaz. Counseling Culture and Psycotherapy, 8(31), 1-21. [Persian]
Soltani, M., Latifi, Z., & Moosavi, S. (2020). The efect of self-healing education on self-compassion, body image concern and improvement of disease process in suffering from skin cancers. Journal of Dermatology & Cosmetic, 10(4), 222-234. [Persian]
Teasdale, M. R. (2016). Quality of life and mission. Missiology: An International Review, 44(3), 269-280.
Tsai, S. Y., Chi, L. Y., Lee, L. S., & Chou, P. (2004). Health related quality of life among urban, rural, and island community elderly in Taiwan. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 3, 196-204.
Ware, J. E., & Sherbourne, C. D. (1992). The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care, 30, 473-483.
Wu, Y. C., Hsu, H. I., Tung, H. H., Pan, S. J., & Lin, S. W. (2021). Psychometric properties of the self-healing assessment scale for community-dwelling older adults. Healthcare, 9, 484.
Yousefi Afrashteh, M., & Rezaei, S. (2021). The spirituality and quality of life in the elderly: the mediating role of self-compassion and sense of cohesion. Aging Psychology, 7(2), 137-151. [Persian]
Zabet, M., Momeni, K., & Karami, J. (2015). The effectiveness of quality of life therapy on positive and negative affect in elderly women. Aging Psychology, 1(2), 73-80. [Persian]
Zahmatkeshan, N., Bagherzadeh, R., Akaberian, S. H., Yazdankhah Fard, M., Mirzaei, K., Yazdanpanah, S., Khorram Roudi, R., Gharibi, T., Kamali Dasharzhani, F., & Vajmand, T. (2012). Study of quality of life and related aspects of it in the elderly in Boushehr. Journal of Fasa University of Medical Sciences, 2(1), 53-58. [Persian]
Zamanigharaghoosh, F., Latifi, Z., & Sharifi Isfahani, M. (2021). The effect of self- healing training on stress, death anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 9(3), 83-95. [Persian]
Zarabi, S., Tabatabaei-Nejad, F. S., & Latifi, Z. (2021). Comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and self-healing therapy on the distress tolerance of women with bulimia nervosa. Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences, 19(2), 369-380. [Persian]
Zarean, F., & Latifi, Z. (2021). Effects of self-healing intervention on quality of life and mother-child interaction among female breadwinners. Journal of Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 43, 101334.
Zarean, F., & Latifi, Z. (2020). The effectiveness of self-healing (the healing codes) training on psychological capital and distress tolerance in women with addicted husbands. Current Psychology, 39(3), 1936-4733.
Zarean, F., Latifi, Z., & Mirmahdi, S. R. (2020). The effectiveness of self-healing training on psychological capital, distress tolerance, and headache of addicts’ spouses. Journal of Etiadpajohi, 14(55), 193-212. [Persian]