The Effectiveness of Self-Care Training on Quality of Life, Self-Care Behaviors and Blood Sugar in Elderly Without Self-Care Behaviors

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran.

Abstract

Elderly with no self-care behaviors suffer from many physical and psychological problems and self-care training can help them. Therefore, present research aimed to determine the effectiveness of self-care training on quality of life, self-care behaviors and blood sugar in elderly lacking self-care behaviors. This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and control group. The research population included diabetic elderly men who had records in health care centers of Mashhad city, 2019 year. Reviewing inclusion criteria, 54 samples were selected through objective sampling method and were randomly divided to two groups. Experimental group were trained on self-care training by Mahdi and et al. in 6 sessions of 60-minutes; however, the control group didn’t receive training. Data were collected using LEIPAD elderly quality of life questionnaire, Toobert et al. revised scale for self-care behaviors among elderly and blood sugar tests, which were analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance in SPSS version 19. The results showed no significant difference in terms of quality of life, self-care behaviors and blood sugar in experiment and control groups pretests (P>0/05); though, in posttests, there were significant differences in terms of all three variables (p < 0/05). In other words, self-care training led to an increase in quality of life and self-care behaviors while decreased blood sugar in elderly (p < 0/05). According to the results, it was recommended that health professionals and therapists use self-care training method along with other training and therapeutic methods to improve quality of life and self-care and reduce blood sugar especially in elderly with no self-care behaviors.

Keywords


 Alduraidi, H., & Waters, C. M. (2017). Health-related quality of life of Palestinian refugees inside and outside camps in Jordan. Nursing Outlook, 65(4), 436-443.
Banisi P. (2019). The effectiveness of positivism training on subjective well-being, positive meta-emotion and self-management ability in the elderly women. Journal of Aging Psychology, 5(3), 217-227. [Persian]
Borji, M., Otachi, M., & Kazembeigi, Sh. (2017). The impact of Orem's self-care model on the quality of life in patients with type II diabetes. Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal, 10(1), 213-220.
Cheng, M. H., Hsieh, C. L., Wang, C. Y., Tsai, C. C., & Kuo, C. C. (2017). Complementary therapy of traditional Chinese medicine for blood sugar control in a patient with type 1 diabetes. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 30, 10-13.
Coens, C., Pe, M., Dueck, A. C., Sloan, J., Basch, E., Calvert, M.,… Bottomley, A. (2020). International standards for the analysis of quality-of-life and patient-reported outcome endpoints in cancer randomised controlled trials: recommendations of the SISAQOL Consortium. The Lancet Oncology, 21(2), 83-96.
De Leo, D., Diekstra, R. F., Lonngvist, J., Trabucchi, M., Cleiren, M. H., Frisoni, G. B.,… Sampaio-Faria, J. (1998). LEIPAD, an internationally applicable instrument to assess quality of life in the elderly. Behavioral Medicine, 24(1), 17-27.
Docherty-Skippen, S. M., Hansen, A., & Engel, J. (2019). Teaching and assessment strategies for nursing self-care competencies in Ontario's nursing education programs. Nurse Education in Practice, 36, 108-113.
Dickson, W., Chyun, D., Caridi, C., Gregory, J. K., & Katz, S. (2016). Low literacy self-care management patient education for a multi-lingual heart failure population: Results of a pilot study. Applied Nursing Research, 29, 122-124.
D’Souza, M. S., Karkada, S. N., Parahoo, K., Venkatesaperumal, R., Achora, S., & Cayaban, A. R. R. (2017). Self-efficacy and self-care behaviours among adults with type 2 diabetes. Applied Nursing Research, 36, 25-32.
Esmaeili Ahangarkolaei, M., Taghipour, A., & Vahedian Shahroudi, M. (2018). Improvement of self-care for the elderly with high blood pressure based on Pender's model: a semi- experimental study. Caspian Journal of Health and Aging, 2(2), 52-58. [Persian]
Felix, H. C., Narcisse, M. R., Long, C. R., English, E., Haggard-Duff, L., Purvis, R. S., McElfish, P. A. (2019). The Effect of familydiabetes selfmanagement education self-care behaviors of marshallese adults with type 2 diabetes. American Journal of Health Behavior, 43(3), 490-497.
Gao, J., Wang, J., Zheng, P., Haardorfer, R., Kegler, M. C., Zhu, Y., & Fu, H. (2013). Effects of self-care, self-efficacy, social support on glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. BMC Family Practice, 14, 1-6.
Ghasemi, M., Hosseini, H., & Sabouhi, F. (2017). The effect of peer group training on self-care of elderly with diabetes mellitus. Journal of Clinical Nursing and Midwifery, 6(3), 33-43. [Persian]
Hamadzadeh, S., Ezatti, Zh., Abedsaeidi, Zh., & Nasiri, N. (2013). Coping styles and self-care behaviors among diabetic patients. Iranian Journal of Nursing, 25(80), 24-33. [Persian]
Hashemi, Z., & Eyni, S. (2020). Perceived stress in the elderly: The role of spiritual intelligence, self-compassion, and psychological hardiness. Journal of Aging Psychology, 5(4), 289-299. [Persian]
Hashemlu, L., Hemmati Maslakpak, M., Bagherie, F. (2015). The effects of a self-care educational program based on Orem’s theory on the quality of life of elderly people residing in nursing homes. Modern Care Journal, 12(4), 1-6.
Hesamzadeh, A., Maddah, S. B., Mohammadi Shahbolaghi, F., Fallahi Khoshknab, M., & Rahgozar, M. (2010). Comparison of elderlys "quality of life" living at homes and in private or public nursing homes. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing, 4(4), 66-74. [Persian]
Kim, C., Park, H., Schlenk, E. A., Kang, S., & Seo, E. J. (2019). The moderating role of acculturation mode on the relationship between depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life among international students in Korea. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 33(6), 192-197.
Leung, E., Wongrakpanich, S., & Munshi, M. N. (2018). Diabetes management in the elderly. Diabetes Spectrum. 31(3), 245-253.
Mahdi, H., Maddah, S. M. B., & Mahammadi, F. (2016). The effectiveness of self-care training on quality of life among elderlies with diabetes. Iranian Journal of Rehabilitation Research in Nursing, 2(4), 32-39. [Persian]
Moses, M., & Olenik, N. L. (2019). Perceived impact of caregiver’s participation in diabetes education classes on implementation of self-care behaviors. Journal of American Pharmacists Association, 59(4), 47-51.
Nguyen, H. T. T., Moir, M., Nguyen, T. X., Vu, A. P., Luong, L. H., Nguyen, T. N.,… Vu, H. T. T. (2018). Health-related quality of life in elderly diabetic outpatients in Vietnam. Patient Preference and Adherence, 12, 1347-1354.
Oh, H., & Ell, K. (2016). Depression remission, receipt of problem-solving therapy, and self-care behavior frequency among low-income, predominantly Hispanic diabetes patients. General Hospital Psychiatry, 41, 38-44.
Oshvandi, K., Jokar, M., Khatiban, M., Keyani, J., Yousefzadeh, M. R., & Sultanian, A. R. (2014). The effect of self-care education based on Teach Back method on promotion of self-care behaviors in type II diabetic patients: A clinical trial study. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism, 13(2), 131-144. [Persian]
Park, S. H., Lee, K. B., Choo, S. H., & Wilson, S. K. (2018). 260 Diabetes and level of fasting blood sugar has no relationship to the development of subsequent penile prosthesis infection in Korean men. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 15(7), 226-227.
Rimaz, S., Gharibnavaz, H., Abolghasemi, J., & Seraji, S. (2015). The relationship of different dimensions of social support with older adults’ quality of life in the 8th district of Tehran in 2013. J Educ Community Health, 2(1), 29-37. [Persian]
Salimi, F., Garmaroudi, G., Hosseini, S. M., & Batebi, A. (2015). Effect of self–care educational program to improving quality of life among elderly referred to health centers in Zanjan. J Educ Community Health, 2(2), 28-37. [Persian]
Tabakhnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics. Fifth Edition, Boston: Pearson Education Inc.
Toobert, D. J., Hampson, S. E., & Glasgow, R. E. (2000). The summary of diabetes self-care activities measure: results from 7 studies and a revised scale. Diabetes Care, 23(7), 943-950.
Vetrani, C., Bozzetto, L., Giorgini, M., Cavagnuolo, L., Di Mattia, E, Cipriano, P., … Rivellese, A. A. (2019). Fibre-enriched buckwheat pasta modifies blood glucose response compared to corn pasta in individuals with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease: Acute randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 149, 156-162.
Wang, Z., Yin, G., & Jia, R. (2019). Impacts of self-care education on adverse events and mental health related quality of life in breast cancer patients under chemotherapy. Complementary therapies in Medicine, 43, 165-169.
Wongrith, P. (2019). Predicting diabetic self-care management based on the theory of planned behavior among elderly with type 2 diabetes in Thailand. Diabetes Mellitus, 22(4), 367-376.