The Prediction of Death Anxiety in The Elderly Based on Personality Types and Mental Health

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

3 Master of Public Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Given the increase in elderly population, it seems inevitable to investigate and comprehend related to elderly complications. Therefore, the present study aimed to predict death anxiety based on personality types and mental profile in elderly in Shiraz. It was a descriptive-correlational study. For this purpose, 150 elderly people living in Shiraz nursing homes were selected non-randomly through their ability in 2019. To investigate the variables of the study, three tests of Templar death anxiety, Goldberg mental health (GHQ) and McCrae and Costa 5-factor personality (NEO) were used. Data were analyzed using correlation and regression methods. Findings showed that personality types and psychological profile accounted for about 45% and 25% of the variance of death anxiety scores, respectively. Also, neuroticism could predict death anxiety in elderly meaningfully and positively, while such prediction was meaningful and negative with extraversion and accountability. Significantly, they are able to predict death anxiety in the elderly. According to the results of this study and considering the important role of personality and mental health to death anxiety, it can be concluded that informing elderly and making use of strategies to improve their mental health could decrease death anxiety among them.

Keywords

References

احدی، ح.، و جمهری، ف. (1390) روانشناسی رشد. نوجوان و بزرگسالی (جوانی، میانسالی و پیری). تهران: انتشارات آینده درخشان.
احمدی کهن­علی، ح.، و باقری، م. (1394). پیش بینی اضطراب مرگ بر اساس سرسختی روان شناختی و ویژگی‌های شخصیتی. شخصیت و تفاوت‌های فردی، 9،114-95.
باباخانی، ن.، خان، ن.، و بختیاری، ح. (1394). پیش­بینی اضطراب مرگ بر اساس پنج عامل بزرگ شخصیتی در سالمندان شهر تهران. مقاله ارائه شده در اولین کنفرانس بین المللی روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، کرمان.
تقوی، م. (1380). بررسی روائی و اعتبار پرسشنامه سلامت عمومی (GHQ). مجله روانشناسی، 5(4)، 398-381.
حسینی، ر.، ابراهیمی، م.، خلخالی، و.، و زمانی، ن. (1398). رابطه ترس از مرگ با باورهای مذهبی و اختلالات روانی سالمندان ساکن در سرای سالمندان شهرستان کرج. مجله سالمندی ایران، 14(2)، 161-144.
خاکی، س.، خصالی، ز.، فرج­زاده، م.، دالوند، س.، مسلمی، ب.، و قانعی قشلاق، ر. (1396). ارتباط بین افسردگی و اضطراب مرگ با کیفیت زندگی سالمندان. مجله دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران (حیات)، 23­(2)، 161-152.
خیاط، خ.، تاجری، ب.، پاشنگ، س.، و ملیحی‌­الذاکرینی، س. (1397). نقش میانجی رضایت از زندگی در رابطه بین عوامل شخصیت و اضطراب مرگ در سالمندان، مجله تحقیقات علوم رفتاری، 16(2)، 199-187.
رجبی، غ.، و بحرانی، م. (1380). تحلیل عاملی سؤال‌های مقیاس اضطراب مرگ تمپلر. مجله روانشناسی، 20، 344-331.
کریمی، م.، اسماعیلی، م.، و آرین، س. (1389). اثربخشی درمان مرور زندگی بر کاهش شدت افسردگی زنان سالمند. مجله سالمندی ایران، 16(5)، 46-40.
فرامرزی، ح.، عالیپور، س.، مهدیانی، ن.، و ولیپور، م. (1394). نقش کیفیت زندگی و ویژگیهای شخصیت با اضطراب مرگ در دانشجویان علوم­پزشکی دانشگاه جندی­شاپور اهواز.مقاله ارائه شده در اولین همایش علمی پژوهشی روانشناسی علوم تربیتی و آسیب شناسی جامعه، کرمان.
مهرابی­زاده هنرمند، م.، افشاری، ا.، و داودی، ا. (1390). بررسی صفات شخصیتی، سبک‌های دلبستگی، رویدادهای
تنیدگی­زا و جنسیت به عنوان پیش­بین‌های ناگویی خلقی. روانشناسی، 55، 334-319.
مهری­آدریانی، م.، مجدی­نسب، ن.، شرف­الدین­زاده، ن. (1392). رابطه افسردگی و استرس با کیفیت زندگی بیماران آلزایمر. مجله روان شناسی اجتماعی، 8(27)، 31-25.
کریمی، ط.، نوحی، ع.، و ایران­منش، ص. (1392) مقایسه رضایت از زندگی در سالمندان مقیم منازل با سالمندان مقیم سرای سالمندان شهر اصفهان.فصلنامه پرستاری سالمندان، 1(1)، 13-9.
Ahadi, H., and Jomari, F. (2011). Developmental Psychology. Adolescence and adulthood (youth, middle age and old). Tehran: Brilliant Future Publications. [Persian]
Ahmadi Kohanali, H., and Bagheri, M.Sc. (2015). Prediction of Death Anxiety Based on Psychological Hardiness and Personality Traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 9, 114-95. [Persian]
Babakhani, N., Khan, N., Bakhtiari, H. (2015). Prediction of Death Anxiety Based on Five Big Personality Factors in Tehran Elderly. Article presented in the First International Conference on Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kerman. [Persian]
Bodner, E., Shrira, A., Bergman, Y., Fridel, S., & Grossman, E. (2015). The Interaction between aging and death anxieties predicts ageism, Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 15-19.
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. (1983). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment.
Costa, P. T.) 2004(. Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment.
Faramarzi, H., Alipour, S., Mehdiani, N., Valipour, M. (2015). The Role of quality of life and personality characteristics with death anxiety in medical students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of medical sciences. First Scientific Research Conference on Psychology of Educational Sciences and Community Pathology, Kerman. [Persian]
Frazier, P. H., & Foss-Goodman, D. (1989). Death anxiety and personality: Are They Truly Related? Omega, Journal of Death and Dying, 19(3), 265-274.
Goldberg, D. P. (1972). The Detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire. Maudsley MonographNo. 21. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Goldberg, D. P., Gater, R., Satrorius, N., & Ustun, T. B. (1997). The validity of two versions of the GHQ in the WHO study of mental illness in general health care, Psychological Medicine, 27(1), 191-197.
Hoelterhoff, M. (2015). A theoretical exploration of death anxiety. Journal of Applied Psychology and Social Science, 1(2). 1-17.
Hosseini, R., Ebrahimi, M., Khalkhali, V., & Zamani, No. (1398). Relationship between Fear of Death with Religious Beliefs and Mental Disorders of Elderly Residents in Karaj Nursing Home. Iranian Journal of Aging, 14 (2), 161-144. [Persian]
Karimi, M., Esmaili, M., & Arian, S. (2010). The Effectiveness of Life Review Therapy on Reducing Depression in Elderly Women. Iranian Journal of Aging, 16(5), 46-40. [Persian]
Karimi, T., Noahi, A., & Iran Manesh, P. (2013) Comparison of Life Satisfaction in Elderly Residents with Elderly Residents in Isfahan. Elderly Nursing Quarterly, 1(1), 9-13. [Persian]
Khaki, S., Khashali, Z., Farajzadeh, M., Dalvand, S., Muslim, B., & Ghani Gheshlagh, R. (1986). The Relationship between depression and death anxiety with quality of life in the elderly. Journal of Faculty of Nursing and Nursing Midwifery of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Life), 23 (2), 161-152. [Persian]
Khayat, K., Tajeri, B., Pashang, S., & Malihi al-Zakarini, S. (1979). The Mediating Role of Life Satisfaction in the Relationship between Personality Factors and Death Anxiety in the Elderly, Journal of Behavioral Sciences Research, 16(2), 1997-187. [Persian]
McKenzie, EL., Brown, PM., Mak, AS., & Chamberlain, P. (2017). ‘Old and ill’: death anxiety and coping strategies influencing health professionals' well-being and dementia care. Aging & Mental Health, 21(6), 634-641.
McKenzie, E. L., Brown, P. M., Mak, A. S., & Chamberlain, P. (2017). Old and ill: death anxiety and coping strategies influencing health professionals well-being and dementia care. Aging & Mental Health, 21(6), 634-41.
Measuring National Well-being Health. (2013(. Office for National Statistics.
Mehrabi Zadeh Honarmand, M., Afshari, A., & Davoodi, A. (2011) Investigation of personality traits, attachment styles, stressful events and gender as predictors of mood disorder. Psychology, 55, 334-319. [Persian]
Mehri Adriani, M., Majdi Nasab, N., & Sharafuddinzadeh, N. (2013). Relationship between Depression and Stress with Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Patients. Journal of Social Psychology, 8 (27), 25-31. [Persian]
Moudi, S., Bijani, A., Tayebi, M., & Habibi, S. (2017) Relationship between Death Anxiety and Mental Health Status among Nurses in Hospitals Affiliated to Babol University of Medical Sciences. Journal of Babol University Medical Science, 19(2), 47-53.
Rajabi, Gh., Bohrani, M. (2001) Factor Analysis of Templar Death Anxiety Scale Questions. Journal of Psychology, 20, 344-331. [Persian]
Sanderson, C. A. (2012) Health psychology. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Soury, A., Shabani Moghadam, K., & Soury, R. (2016) The Effect of physical activity on quality of life in elder women in Kermanshah province. Appl Res Sport Manage, 4(16), 75-84.
Taghavi, M. (2001) Validation and validity of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Journal of Psychology, 5(4), 398-381. [Persian]
Tayebi, M., & Habibi, S.) 2017(. Relationship between Death Anxiety and Mental Health Status among Nurses in Hospitals Affiliated to Babol University of Medical Sciences. Journal Babol University of Medical Science, 19(1), 47-53. [Persian]
Templer, DI. (1970). The Construction and validation of a Death Anxiety scale.Journal of General Psychology, 82, 165-177.
Tobin, R. M., Graziano, W. G., Vanman, E. J., & Tassinary, L. G. (2000). Personality, emotional experience, and efforts to control emotions. Journalof Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 656–669.
Westerhof, G. J., & Keyes, C. L. (2010). Mental illness and mental health: The Two continua model across the lifespan. Journal of Adult Development, 17(2), 110-119.
Yalom Irvin, D.) 2013(. Existential psychiatrist. Tehran: Nashre Ney. [Persian]
Aging Psychology
Volume 5, Issue 3 - Serial Number 18
October 2019
Pages 239-249

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 25 November 2019
  • Revise Date: 09 December 2019
  • Accept Date: 15 December 2019

Share

How to cite

Statistics