دانشگاه رازیروانشناسی پیری2423-76478120220421The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Rumination and Existential Anxiety in the Elderly Menاثربخشی درمان مبتنی بر شفقت بر نشخوار فکری و اضطراب وجودی سالمندان101208810.22126/jap.2022.7147.1580FAیاسمنآبادگروه روانشناسی، واحد دزفول، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دزفول، ایران0000-0002-4403-2632همایونهارون رشیدیگروه روانشناسی، واحد دزفول، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دزفول، ایران0000-0002-7912-3382Journal Article20211114Aging, as one of the most critical stages of human development, has its own characteristics and conditions. In the meantime, rumination and existential anxiety are among the most common mental health issues in the elderly that proper intervention can be conducted to improve them. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to examine the effectiveness of compassion-based therapy on rumination and existential anxiety in the elderly. It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group design. The statistical population of the study included all the elderly men living in Ahvaz in 2020. The sample consisted of 30 elderly men (60 to 70 years old) selected using available sampling method and according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The experimental group received eight 90-minute weekly sessions. The questionnaires applied in the current study included Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow’s rumination and Weems et al.’s existential anxiety. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS-22 software. The results revealed that there was a significant difference between experimental and control group in terms of rumination and existential anxiety in posttest (P<0.001). Put in other words, the results of the present study showed that compassion-based therapy is effective in reducing existential anxiety and improving rumination of the elderly. The results of the current study seem to open up new horizons in psychological interventions, and compassion-based therapy can be applied as an effective therapeutic method for improving mental health of the elderly.<br /><strong>References</strong><br />Ansari, M., Dolatshahi, B., & Sahaf, R. (2019). Comparison of negative emotional components in elderly people with normal and poor sleep quality. <em>Elderly: Iranian Journal of Aging,</em> <em>14</em> (2), 200-211. [Persian]<br />Alizadeh, Sh. (2020). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on rumination and cognitive distortions of couples involved in marital breach (Unpublished Master Thesis), Islamic Azad University, Dezful Branch. [Persian]<br />Bagherinejad, M., Salehi Fedredi, J., & Tabatabai, S. (2010). The relationship between rumination and depression in a sample of Iranian students. <em>Educational and Psychological Studies of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad</em>, <em>11</em> (1), 38-21. 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Paul Tillich's theory of existential anxiety: A preliminary conceptual and empirical examination. <em>Anxiety, Stress & Coping: An International Journal</em>, <em>4</em>, 383-399.سالمندی به عنوان یکی از مراحل حساس تحول انسان، دارای ویژگیها و شرایط خاص خود است. در این میان اضطراب وجودی و نشخوار فکری از شایعترین موضوعات سلامتروان سالمندان است که با مداخله مناسب میتوان آنها را بهبود بخشید. بنابراین این مطالعه با هدف تعیین اثربخشی درمان مبتنی بر شفقت بر نشخوار فکری و اضطراب وجودی سالمندان انجام شد. روش پژوهش نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیشآزمون پسآزمون با گروه کنترل بود.<strong><em> </em></strong>جامعه آماری پژوهش تمام سالمندان با اضطراب وجودی شهر اهواز در سال 1400 بودند. حجم نمونه پژوهش شامل 30 نفر مرد سالمند (65 تا 75 سال) بود که با روش نمونهگیری در دسترس و با توجه به ملاکهای ورود و خروج مطالعه انتخاب شدند. گروه آزمایش مداخله آموزشی را طی هشت جلسه 90 دقیقهای هفتگی دریافت نمودند. پرسشنامههای مورد استفاده در این پژوهش شامل نشخوار فکری هوکسما و مارو و اضطراب وجودی ویمز و همکاران بود. دادهها با تحلیل کوواریانس تکمتغیره در سطح 05/0 با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 22 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافتهها نشان داد در مرحله پسآزمون بین گروههای آزمایش و کنترل از نظر نشخوار فکری و اضطراب وجودی تفاوت معنیداری وجود داشت (001/0P<). به عبارت دیگر، نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد درمان مبتنی بر شفقت موجب کاهش اضطراب وجودی و نشخوار فکری میشود. به نظر میرسد این نتایج نمایانگر افقهای جدیدی در مداخلات روانشناختی است و میتوان از درمان مبتنی بر شفقت به عنوان یک روش درمانی مؤثر در بهبود سلامت روانی سالمندان سود جست.https://jap.razi.ac.ir/article_2088_6a8004c8d1f5c2fc5495b74b06fb4260.pdfدانشگاه رازیروانشناسی پیری2423-76478120220421The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Irrational Beliefs and Happiness of the Elderlyاثربخشی شناخت درمانی مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی بر باورهای غیرمنطقی و شادکامی سالمندان2411208910.22126/jap.2022.7219.1586FAحدیثولی زادهگروه روانشناسی، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران0000-0001-8992-1559شیماپرندینگروه روانشناسی، واحد اسلام آباد غرب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اسلام آباد غرب، ایران0000-0001-9614-3353Journal Article20211204Aging is a natural and sensitive period in a person’s life that is associated with a wide range of physiological and psychological changes, including the increase of irrational beliefs and the decrease of happiness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on irrational beliefs and happiness in the elderly in Kermanshah, Iran. This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all the elderly living in Kermanshah in 2021, among whom 30 (60 to 70 years) were selected using convenience sampling and according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study, and assigned randomly into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The experimental group received the therapeutic intervention in eight 90-minute sessions, while the control group was placed on a waiting list for treatment in the same time. The measures used in this study included the Jones’s Irrational Beliefs and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Univariate Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS-25 software. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups in the post-test in terms of both irrational beliefs and happiness. In other words, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy caused the elderly to experience fewer irrational beliefs and more level of happiness (P<0.05). According to the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, therapists and health professionals can apply this therapeutic method for health-related interventions, especially to improve irrational beliefs and happiness in the elderly.<br /><strong>References</strong><br />Abdollahpour, M., Hafezi, F., Ehteshamzadeh, P., Naderi, F., & Pasha, R. (2019). The Effectiveness of narrative therapy and (ACT) in existential anxiety and irrational beliefs, on elders who resided in nursing homes. <em>Aging Psychology</em>, <em>4</em>(4), 323-335. [Persian]<br />Adibi Sede, S., Sepahvandi, M., & Gholamrezaei, S. (2018). 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Depression and cardiovascular disease in elderly: current understanding. <em>Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 47</em>(1), 1-10.سالمندی فرآیندی طبیعی و مرحلهای حساس در زندگی یک فرد است که با طیف وسیعی از تغییرات فیزیولوژیکی و روانشناختی از جمله افزایش باورهای غیرمنطقی و تضعیف شادکامی همراه است. بنابراین، پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین اثربخشی شناخت درمانی مبتنی بر ذهنآگاهی بر باورهای غیرمنطقی و شادکامی سالمندان شهر کرمانشاه انجام شد. پژوهش حاضر از نوع نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیشآزمون-پسآزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه سالمندان شهر کرمانشاه در سال 1400 بودند، که به شیوه نمونهگیری دردسترس 30 نفر از سالمندان (60 تا 70 سال) با توجه به ملاکهای ورود و خروج مطالعه انتخاب و به طور تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش (15 نفر) و کنترل (15 نفر) جایگزین شدند. گروه آزمایش مداخله درمانی طی 8 جلسه 90 دقیقهای دریافت نمودند و گروه کنترل در لیست انتظار برای درمان قرار گرفت. ابزار مورد استفاده در این پژوهش شامل پرسشنامههای باورهای غیرمنطقی جونز و شادکامی آکسفورد بودند. دادهها با روش تحلیل کوواریانس تکمتغیری در نرمافزار SPSS نسخه 25 تحلیل شدند. یافتهها نشان داد که در پسآزمون، گروه آزمایش از نظر هر دو متغیر باورهای غیرمنطقی و شادکامی تفاوت معنیداری با گروه کنترل داشتند. به عبارت دیگر، شناخت درمانی مبتنی بر ذهنآگاهی باعث شد که سالمندان باورهای غیرمنطقی کمتر و شادکامی بیشتری را تجربه کنند (05/0>P). با توجه به اثربخشی شناخت درمانی مبتنی بر ذهنآگاهی، درمانگران و متخصصان مرتبط با سلامت میتوانند از این روش درمانی برای مداخلههای مرتبط با سلامت به ویژه برای بهبود باورهای غیرمنطقی و شادکامی استفاده نمایند.https://jap.razi.ac.ir/article_2089_865a4bd105027a649109b6e021d32a13.pdfدانشگاه رازیروانشناسی پیری2423-76478120220421The Comparison of The Effectiveness of Well‐Being Therapy with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Death Anxiety in The Elderlyمقایسه اثربخشی بهزیستی درمانی با درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر اضطراب مرگ سالمندان3825209210.22126/jap.2022.7478.1605FAنرگسحسین نظریگروه علوم تربیتی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران0000-0003-3222-2735حمیدنجاتگروه علوم تربیتی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران0000-0003-1380-8802محمدرضاصفاریان طوسیگروه علوم تربیتی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران0000-0002-9713-8190Journal Article20220211The elderly seems to be associated with many limitations and disabilities which can cause them to feel death anxiety. Therefore, the current study aimed to compare the effectiveness of well‐being therapy with acceptance and commitment therapy on death anxiety in the elderly. It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest-follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study included the community dwelling elderly members of day care centers with death anxiety, among whom 45 were selected using the convenience sampling method and assigned randomly into three groups, with each group containing 15 people. The experimental groups underwent eight 90-minute sessions of well‐being therapy or acceptance and commitment therapy, and no action was taken for the control group. Data collection tool included the Templer's Death Anxiety Scale. The results of Univariate Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) indicated that well‐being therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy had a significant effect on reducing death anxiety compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two experimental groups. According to the results, well-being therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy can be applied to improve the death anxiety in the elderly.<br /><strong>References</strong><br />Abdollahpour, M., Hafezi, F., Ehteshamzadeh, P., Naderi, F., & Pasha, R. (2019). Comparing the effectiveness of narrative therapy and ACT, in quality of life and existential anxiety on elders. <em>Journal of Applied Psychological Research</em>, <em>10</em>(3), 133-146.<br />Ahmadi, A., Ghaemi, F., & Farrokhi, N. (2019). Effectiveness of mindfulness education and commitment and acceptance therapy on psychological distress and death anxiety in cancer patients in Isfahan. <em>Journal of Psychological Science, 72</em>(17), 951-956. [Persian]<br />Azeem, F., & Naz, M. A. (2015). 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Well-being therapy: An approach to increase athlete well-being and performance. <em>Journal of Sport Psychology in Action</em>, <em>12</em>(1), 1-10.سالمندی با محدودیت و ناتوانی بسیاری همراه است که میتواند مولد اضطراب مرگ در آنها باشد. بنابراین پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسه اثربخشی بهزیستی درمانی با درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر اضطراب مرگ سالمندان مرکز نگهداری روزانه سالمندان انجام شد. پژوهش حاضر نیمه آزمایشی از نوع پیشآزمون-پسآزمون-پیگیری با گروه کنترل بود. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش حاضر، شامل سالمندان عضو مراکز روزانه با اضطراب مرگ بودند. از بین این افراد، تعداد 45 نفر به روش نمونهگیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند و با گمارش تصادفی در سه گروه 15 نفری قرار گرفتند. گروههای آزمایش تحت هشت جلسه 90 دقیقهای بهزیستی درمانی یا درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد قرار گرفتند و برای گروه کنترل اقدامی صورت نگرفت. ابزار جمعآوری دادهها شامل مقیاس اضطراب مرگ تمپلر بود. نتایج تحلیل کوواریانس تک متغیری نشان داد که بهزیستی درمانی و درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد در مقایسه با گروه کنترل بر کاهش اضطراب مرگ سالمندان اثر معنادار داشتهاند. با این حال، تفاوت معناداری بین اثربخشی دو گروه بر کاهش اضطراب مرگ وجود نداشت. طبق نتایج، میتوان از بهزیستی درمانی و درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد در جهت بهبود اضطراب مرگ در سالمندان استفاده کرد.https://jap.razi.ac.ir/article_2092_f47fefbb9ee509367bdbad1664d80ee9.pdfدانشگاه رازیروانشناسی پیری2423-76478120220413The Relationship Between Self-Efficacy and Quality of Life Through the Mediating Role of Psychological Well-Being in the Elderlyرابطه خودکارآمدی و کیفیت زندگی با نقش میانجی بهزیستی روانشناختی در سالمندان5439211810.22126/jap.2022.7431.1602FAمحمد جوادباقریدانشجوی دکتری رشته روانشناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران0000-0001-5929-1170علی اصغراصغرنژادگروه آموزشی روانشناسی بالینی و کاربردی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی ایران، تهران، ایران0000000287794629بیتانصرالهیگروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران0000000211027001Journal Article20220217The aging process is associated with a gradual decline in the function of the body systems of a healthy and matured adult to a vulnerable individual with a decrease in physiological capacity. Therefore, nowadays, paying attention to the components of health in healthy people has gained especial importance. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and quality of life with the mediating role of psychological well-being in the elderly in Tehran, Iran. This was a descriptive study, of correlational type with structural equations modeling (SEM). The statistical population consisted of all the elderly (60 years and older) living in Tehran, among whom 200 people were selected using convenience sampling. Participants responded to the Ryff’s psychological well-being, Sherer's general self-efficacy and World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) questionnaires. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and SEM were used to analyse data in SPSS and AMOS software. The results of SEM illustrated that the hypothetical model of this study has a good fit in the study sample. Thus, self-efficacy had a direct positive relationship with psychological well-being and also with quality of life. Besides, psychological well-being had a direct positive relationship with quality of life. It was also found that psychological well-being is indirectly related to quality of life through self-efficacy. The results indicate the importance of improving the living conditions of the elderly based on mental health and the degree of feeling comfortable when dealing with difficult situations.<br /><strong>References</strong><br />Abhar Zanjani, F. (2022). The Effectiveness of Quality of Life Skills Training on Hope, Vitality and Resilience of the Elderly, <em>7th National Conference on Positive Psychology News</em>, Bandar Abbas. [Persian]<br />Adinehpour, M., Talebzadeh, M., & Mohammadi, F. (2018). 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The effects of group reminiscence therapy on depression, self-esteem, and affect balance of Chinese community-dwelling elderly. <em>Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 54</em>(3), 440-447.فرایند سالمندی با کاهش تدریجی عملکرد سیستمهای بدن یک فرد بالغ و سالم به فردی آسیبپذیر با کاهش در ظرفیتهای فیزیولوژیک همراه است. بنابراین، امروزه توجه به مؤلفههای سلامت در سالمندان اهمیت ویژهای یافته است. این پژوهش با هدف تعیین رابطه خودکارآمدی و کیفیتزندگی با نقش میانجی بهزیستی روانشناختی در سالمندان شهر تهران انجام شد. روش پژوهش، توصیفی و از نوع همبستگی و معادلات ساختاری بود. جامعه آماری، متشکل از کلیه سالمندان (60 سال به بالا) شهر تهران بود که از این میان 200 نفر بهصورت نمونهگیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. این افراد به پرسشنامههای بهزیستی روانشناختی ریف، خوکارآمدی عمومی شرر، و کیفیت زندگی سازمان بهداشت جهانی پاسخ دادند. برای تحلیل داده ها از نرم افزارهای SPSS و AMOS و روشهای همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل مدلیابی معادلات ساختاری استفاده شد. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل معادلات ساختاری نشان داد که مدل مفروض این مطالعه از برازش مناسبی در نمونه مورد مطالعه برخوردار است. بدینترتیب که، خودکارآمدی رابطه مستقیم مثبتی با بهزیستی روانشناختی و همچنین رابطه مستقیم مثبتی با کیفیت زندگی دارد. از سویی بهزیستی روانشناختی رابطه مستقیم مثبتی با کیفیت زندگی دارد. همچنین مشخص شد بهزیستی روانشناختی از طریق خودکارآمدی با کیفیت زندگی رابطه غیرمستقیم دارد. این نتایج بر اهمیت بهبود شرایط زندگی سالمندان بر اساس سلامت روانشناختی و میزان احساس راحتی در هنگام برخورد با شرایط دشوار اشاره میکند.https://jap.razi.ac.ir/article_2118_185c6f76b75eec3909c70de37daeb1c0.pdfدانشگاه رازیروانشناسی پیری2423-76478120220505The Relationship Between Loneliness, Spiritual Intelligence and General Health with Death Anxiety in the Elderly: The Mediating Role of Mindfulnessرابطه احساس تنهایی، هوش معنوی و سلامت عمومی با اضطراب مرگ در سالمندان: نقش میانجی ذهنآگاهی6955214110.22126/jap.2022.7586.1609FAملیحهسلمانیگروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد الکترونیک تهران، تهران، ایران0000-0003-3946-0613لیلاذوقیاستادیار گروه روانشناسی و عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه علوم انتظامی امین، تهران، ایران0000-0003-3806-0124Journal Article20220404Death anxiety can increase the negative attitude towards aging and even leads to anxiety and fear of aging. Therefore, it seems very important to know the psychological factors which affect death anxiety in the elderly. In this regard, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between loneliness, spiritual intelligence and general health with death anxiety through the mediating role of mindfulness in the elderly. The research method was correlational, of path analysis type. The statistical population of the present study included all community-dwelling elderly living in three districts of 3, 8 and 20 of Tehran, Iran in 2021, among whom 250 were selected as the sample of the study using convenience sampling method. The research instruments included Templer’s death anxiety, Russell’s loneliness, King's spiritual intelligence, Goldberg & Hillier’s general health and Baer’s mindfulness questionnaires. The results indicated that the hypothesized model has a good fit with the research data. The results of the path analysis to examine the role of the mediator variable also revealed that mindfulness mediates the relationship between loneliness, spiritual intelligence and general health with death anxiety in the elderly. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the increased level of mindfulness results in reduction of death anxiety in the elderly and it is necessary to provide solutions to increase it in the society.<br /><strong>References</strong><br />Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (2005). Death anxiety in clinical and non-clinical groups. <em>Death Studies, 29</em>, 251-259.<br />Afshari, A., Rezaei, R., Dadras, F. (2019). The effectiveness of structured reminiscence on reducing anxiety and depression in the elderly. <em>Journal of Aging Psychology</em>, <em>5</em> (3), 215-201. [Persian]<br />Aghajani, M.J., Mousavi, S.S., Akbari, B., & Abolghasemi, Sh. (2020). 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Factors Affecting the Elderly's Quality of Life in the Middle East: A Systematic Review. <em>Journal of Education and Community Health, 8</em> (2), 143-158.اضطراب مرگ میتواند نگرش منفی در مورد پیری را افزایش دهد و حتی منجر به اضطراب و ترس از پیری شود. بنابراین شناخت عوامل روانشناختی مؤثر بر اضطراب مرگ در سالمندان بسیار مهم میباشد. در همین راستا هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی رابطه احساس تنهایی، هوش معنوی و سلامت عمومی با اضطراب مرگ از طریق نقش میانجی ذهنآگاهی در سالمندان بود. روش پژوهش حاضر همبستگی از نوع تحلیل مسیر بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر شامل تمامی سالمندان مقیم جامعه در سه منطقه 3، 8 و 20 شهر تهران در سال 1400 بود که از بین آنها تعداد 250 نفر بهعنوان گروه نمونه با روش نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامههای اضطراب مرگ تمپلر، احساس تنهایی راسل، هوش معنوی کینگ، سلامت عمومی گلدبرگ و هیلر و ذهنآگاهی بائر و همکاران بود. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که مدل مفروض با دادههای پژوهش برازش مطلوبی دارد. همچنین نتایج تحلیل مسیر برای بررسی نقش متغیر میانجی نشان داد که ذهنآگاهی رابطه بین احساس تنهایی، هوش معنوی و سلامت عمومی با اضطراب مرگ در سالمندان را میانجی گری میکند. بر این اساس میتوان نتیجه گرفت که ارتقاء سطح ذهنآگاهی به کاهش اضطراب مرگ در سالمندان کمک میکند و لازم است راهکارهایی برای افزایش آن در این جامعه ارائه گردد.https://jap.razi.ac.ir/article_2141_381c011743a369313854ea84aa142078.pdfدانشگاه رازیروانشناسی پیری2423-76478120220421The Comparison of Effectiveness of Mindfulness, Balance and Combined Exercises on the Balance and Fear of Falling in the Elderlyهمسنجی اثربخشی تمرینهای ذهنآگاه، تعادل و ترکیبی بر تعادل و ترس از افتادن در سالمندان8571215110.22126/jap.2022.7217.1619FAسمانهصادقیگروه علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه بینالمللی امام رضا علیهالسلام، مشهد، ایران0000-0002-7993-9189امینعظیم خانیگروه علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه بینالمللی امام رضا علیهالسلام، مشهد، ایران0000-0003-2296-3863حامدعباسیگروه آسیبشناسی ,ورزشی و حرکات اصلاحی، پژوهشگاه علوم ورزشی، تهران، ایران0000000188997439Journal Article20220425Although the phenomenon of aging cannot be stopped, the disorders and disabilities of this period can be prevented or postponed through proper planning and the use of methods and principled cares. Therefore, this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness, balance and combined exercises (balance-mindfulness) on the balance and fear of falling in the elderly. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population included all the elderly living in Mashhad, Iran with balance problem or fear of falling. Participants included 48 elderly women (60 to 79 years old) who were randomly assigned into four groups of 12 people. In order to collect data, the international falling efficiency questionnaire and Berg’s balance test were used. Univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the data in SPSS-20 and Excel 2013 software. The findings revealed that compared to control group, all three training methods of mindfulness, balance, and the combination of mindfulness-balance had a significant effect on balance performance and fear of falling in the elderly women, as such, increased the balance and reduced the fear of falling. Besides, the findings indicated that there is a significant difference between the mindfulness, balance and combined methods in terms of their effectiveness on balance performance and fear of falling in the elderly women. In this sense, the combined exercise, mindfulness and balance methods had a greater effect on improving balance and reducing the fear of falling, respectively. Therefore, in order to improve the level of motor (balance) and psychological (fear of falling) indicators affecting the performance of the elderly women, it is recommended to use a combination of balance exercises and mindfulness, considering the characteristics of exercise.<br /><strong>References</strong><br />Åberg, A. C., Frykberg, G. E., & Halvorsen, K. (2010). Medio-lateral stability of sit-to-walk performance in older individuals with and without fear of falling. <em>Gait & Posture 31(4),</em> 438-443.<br />Azim Khani, A., Abbasian, P., Anoushirvani, S., Rastegar Moghadam, Mahsa., Zibaei, Amir., And Shibak, Manijeh. (2021). <em>Aging and Sports Activities</em>. Mashhad, Imam Reza University. [Persian]<br />Bahrami, L., Salianeh, M., Farsi, A., & Nik Ravan, A. (2017). The effect of mindfulness exercises and motor working memory on the quality of life of active elderly. <em>Sports Psychology Studies, 6 (21),</em> 1-16. [Persian]<br />Baluchi, R. (2015). 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[Persian]اگرچه پدیده سالمندی را نمیتوان متوقف نمود، ولی میتوان با برنامهریزی درست و بهکارگیری روشها و مراقبتهای اصولی، از اختلالات و معلولیتهای این دوران پیشگیری کرده و یا اینکه آن را به تعویق انداخت. بنابراین، هدف این مطالعه بررسی اثربخشی تمرینهای ذهنآگاه، تعادل و ترکیبی بر تعادل و ترس از افتادن سالمندان بود. روش پژوهش از نوع نیمه تجربی با طرح پیشآزمون-پسآزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری شامل تمامی سالمندان شهرستان مشهد با مشکل تعادل و ترس از افتادن بود. 150 نفر از سالمندانی که در پارک ملت مشهد حضور داشتند که پس از بررسی به صورت هدفمند، 48 سالمند زن شهر مشهد در دامنه سنی 60 تا 79 سال به طور تصادفی در چهار گروه 12 نفره جایگزین شدند. بهمنظور جمعآوری دادهها، از پرسشنامه بینالمللی کارآمدی افتادن و آزمون تعادل برگ استفاده شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها، از تحلیل کوواریانس تک متغیری استفاده شد. تحلیل دادهها با کمک نرمافزار SPSS نسخه 20 و نرمافزار Excel 2013 انجام شد. یافتهها نشان داد که هر سه روش تمرینی ذهنآگاهی، تعادلی و ترکیبی (ذهنآگاه-تعادلی) در مقایسه با گروه کنترل بر عملکرد تعادلی و ترس از افتادن زنان سالمند، تأثیر معنیداری داشته و هر سه روش تمرینی، سبب افزایش معنیداری در تعادل و کاهش ترس از افتادن زنان سالمند شد. همچنین، یافتهها نشان داد که بین تأثیر تمرینات ذهنآگاه، تعادلی و ترکیبی بر عملکرد تعادلی و ترس از افتادن زنان سالمند تفاوت معنیداری وجود دارد که به ترتیب، روش تمرین ترکیبی (تعادل-ذهنآگاه)، ذهنآگاه و تعادلی تأثیر بیشتری بر بهبود تعادل و کاهش ترس از افتادن زنان سالمند داشت. از اینرو، توصیه میشود بهمنظور ارتقای سطح شاخصهای حرکتی (تعادل) و روانشناختی (ترس از افتادن) مؤثر بر عملکرد سالمندان، از ترکیبی از تمرینات تعادلی و ذهنآگاهی با در نظر گرفتن ویژگیهای تمرینی استفاده شود.https://jap.razi.ac.ir/article_2151_c945eef22b7068a6c2e5aa813a1bbd86.pdfدانشگاه رازیروانشناسی پیری2423-76478120220605The Relationship of Attachment Styles and Sense of Cohesion with Perceived Stress in the Elderly in Nursing Home During the Outbreak of Coronavirus: The Mediating Role of Spiritual Intelligenceرابطه سبکهای دلبستگی و حس انسجام با استرس ادراکشده در سالمندان مقیم سرای سالمندان در دوران شیوع بیماری کرونا: نقش میانجی هوش معنوی10387216010.22126/jap.2022.7808.1627FAبهرامملکیگروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، کردستان، ایران0000-0002-8092-6350Journal Article20220517The spread of Coronavirus is an important challenge for health care systems in Iran. Attachment styles, self-coherence and spiritual intelligence are the variables that can have a significant impact on mental health and quality of life in the elderly during the outbreak of Coronavirus. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the mediating role of spiritual intelligence in the relationship between attachment styles and self-coherence with perceived stress during the outbreak of coronavirus in the elderly. This was a correlational study of path analysis type. The statistical population included all the elderly living in nursing homes in Sanandaj in 2021, among whom 270 (146 men and 124 women) people were selected using convenience sampling method. Data were collected using Collins’s adult attachment styles, Antonovsky’s sense of cohesion, Cohen et al.’s perceived stress, and King’s spiritual intelligence Scales. The results of path analysis revealed that the hypothetical model has a good fit in the sample of this study. As such, secure and avoidant attachment styles had an indirect relationship with perceived stress through spiritual intelligence, and sense of cohesion indicated an indirect relationship with perceived stress through spiritual intelligence (P<0.05). The findings emphasize the importance of the relationship between attachment styles and a sense of cohesion with respect to the mediating role of spiritual intelligence in providing psychological assistance for the elderly in order to manage their perceived stress.<br /><strong>References</strong><br />Antonovsky, A. (1993). The structure and properties of the sense of coherence scale. <em>Social Science & Medicine, 36</em>(6), 725-733. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(93)90033-Z<br />Askary, M., Asgary, P., & Sangani, A. (2019). Relationship of spiritual intelligence, perceived stress and flexibility of action with psychological well-being in the elderly. <em>Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 7</em>(3), 15-21. 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Bloomsbury publishing.شیوع بیماری کرونا یک چالش مهم برای دستگاههای مراقبت بهداشتی در ایران است. سبکهای دلبستگی و حس انسجام و هوش معنوی از جمله متغیرهایی هستند که میتوانند تأثیر بسزایی بر سلامت روان و کیفیت زندگی سالمندان در دوران شیوع بیماری کرونا داشته باشند. بنابراین پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی نقش میانجی هوش معنوی در رابطه بین سبکهای دلبستگی و حس انسجام با استرس ادراکشده در دوران بیماری کرونا در سالمندان اجرا شد. روش پژوهش همبستگی و از نوع تحلیل مسیر بود. جامعه آماری شامل کلیۀ سالمندان مقیم سراهای سالمندان شهر سنندج در سال 1400 بود که از بین آنها 270 نفر (146 مرد و 124 زن) به روش نمونهگیری در دسترس انتخاب شد. دادهها با استفاده از مقیاسهای دلبستگی بزرگسالان کولینز، حس انسجام آنتونووسکی، استرس ادراکشده کوهن و همکاران و هوش معنوی کینگ جمعآوری شدند. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل مسیر نشان داد که مدل مفروض این مطالعه از برازش مناسبی در نمونه مورد مطالعه برخوردار است. بدین ترتیب که سبک دلبستگی ایمن از طریق هوش معنوی با استرس ادراکشده، سبکهای دلبستگی اجتنابی و دوسوگرا از طریق هوش معنوی با استرس ادراکشده و حس انسجام از طریق هوش معنوی با استرس ادراکشده در سالمندان رابطه غیرمستقیم (05/0>P) داشتند. این نتایج بر اهمیت ارتباط سبکهای دلبستگی و حس انسجام با توجه به نقش میانجی هوش معنوی در ارائه کمکهای روانشناختی به سالمندان در مدیریت استرس ادراکشده آنها تأکید دارد.https://jap.razi.ac.ir/article_2160_5e1a7f53d82918cac0a09ea871a13376.pdf